I have elsewhere pointed out that the more knowledge a man has the more problems he will have. It is equally true that unless a man has some knowledge on a subject he will not be able to appreciate or even understand some of its most important problems. It is only when we begin to think of subjects that we discover problems and realize their significance. In stating most of the following problems, therefore, I have often thought it necessary to add a few sentences in explanation, and have sometimes stated a question in a variety of forms in order to more clearly convey the thought. * * * * * _Are specific characteristics, acquired during the lifetime of an individual, inherited by his offspring?_ I have referred so often to this problem and its importance that further explanation is hardly necessary. “Characteristics” of course refer to intellectual and moral as well as physical characteristics. _What is the influence of the individual mind on society and of social environment on the individual?_ _Does the form of government determine the character of a people, or does the character of a people determine their form of government?_ Or do government and character react on each other, and how? The same question may be asked of all other social institutions. Does the religion of a people determine their character, or does the character of a people determine their religion? This whole problem is somewhat similar to that immediately preceding, regarding the interaction of the individual and the social mind. _Is society for the benefit of the individual or is the individual for the benefit of society?_ _Should the jurisdiction of the government be extended or curtailed?_ Or should it be extended in some directions and curtailed in others? Does the answer to this problem depend on the answer to the previous one? Another form of the same problem is: What is the proper sphere of government? _Should the government grant monopolies?_ Patents, for example? _What would be the most practicable plan for abolishing or minimizing war?_ Those who do not wish to beg the previous question may first ask whether it is always desirable to prevent war, whether war is always an evil. What is the effect of war on the physical future of the race? on national and individual character? on government? on national liberty? on personal liberty? What are the ethics of war? for aggression? for territorial conquest? for “national honor”? for defense of a weaker nation? for defense against invasion? What is the effect of preparedness? of universal preparedness? of preparedness of an individual nation? In each case what are the principles on which the extent of preparedness should be determined? What are the fundamental causes of war? How can they be removed? Is it possible to remove all of them?