Thomas Jefferson, the Apostle of AmericanismChinard, Gilbert
History
Thomas Jefferson, the Apostle of Americanism
Chinard, Gilbert
Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
Well aware that the opinions of belief of men depend not on their own
will, but follow involuntarily the evidence proposed to their minds;
that Almighty God hath created the mind free, and manifested his
supreme will that free it shall remain by making it altogether
susceptible of restraint; that all attempts to influence it by
temporal punishments, or burthens, or by civil incapacitations, tend
only to beget habits of hypocrisy and meanness ... to compel a man to
furnish contributions of money for the propagation of opinions which
he disbelieves and abhors, is sinful and tyrannical;... that our
civil rights have no dependance on our religious opinions, any more
than our opinions in physics or geometry;... that the opinions of men
are not the object of civil government.
In Section II, after that preamble, the religious independence of the
individual was proclaimed:
We the General Assembly of Virginia do enact that no man shall be
compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place, or
ministry whatsoever, nor shall be enforced, restrained, molested,
or burthened in his body or goods, or shall otherwise suffer, on
account of his religious opinions or beliefs; but that all men shall
be free to profess and by argument to maintain, their opinions in
matters of religion, and that the same shall in no wise diminish,
enlarge, or affect their civil capacities.
Furthermore, in the first section, Jefferson gave the first and final
expression of his understanding of freedom of thought:
That it is time enough for the rightful purposes of civil government
for its offices to interfere when principles break out into overt
acts against peace and good order; and finally, that truth is great
and will prevail if left to herself; that she is the proper and
sufficient antagonist to error, and has nothing to fear from the
conflict unless by human interposition disarmed of her natural
weapons, free argument and debate; errors ceasing to be dangerous
when it is permitted freely to contradict them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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