Thoughts of Marcus Aurelius AntoninusMarcus Aurelius, Emperor of Rome
PhilosophyPhilosophy
Thoughts of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
Marcus Aurelius, Emperor of Rome
Ethics; Life; Marcus Aurelius, Emperor of Rome, 121-180; Stoics
15. Short is the little which remains to thee of life. Live as on a
mountain. For it makes no difference whether a man lives there or here,
if he lives everywhere in the world as in a state [political community].
Let me see, let them know a real man who lives according to nature. If
they cannot endure him, let them kill him. For that is better than to
live thus [as men do].
16. No longer talk at all about the kind of man that a good man ought to
be, but be such.
17. Constantly contemplate the whole of time and the whole of substance,
and consider that all individual things as to substance are a grain of a
fig, and as to time the turning of a gimlet.
18. Look at everything that exists, and observe that it is already in
dissolution and in change, and as it were putrefaction or dispersion, or
that everything is so constituted by nature as to die.
19. Consider what men are when they are eating, sleeping, generating,
easing themselves, and so forth. Then what kind of men they are when
they are imperious + and arrogant, or angry and scolding from their
elevated place. But a short time ago to how many they were slaves and
for what things; and after a little time consider in what a condition
they will be.
20. That is for the good of each thing, which the universal nature
brings to each. And it is for its good at the time when nature brings
it.
21. "The earth loves the shower;" and "the solemn ether loves;" and the
universe loves to make whatever is about to be. I say then to the
universe, that I love as thou lovest. And is not this too said that
"this or that loves [is wont] to be produced?"[A]
22. Either thou livest here and hast already accustomed thyself to it,
or thou art going away, and this was thy own will; or thou art dying and
hast discharged thy duty. But besides these things there is nothing. Be
of good cheer, then.
23. Let this always be plain to thee, that this piece of land is like
any other; and that all things here are the same with things on the top
of a mountain, or on the sea-shore, or wherever thou choosest to be. For
thou wilt find just what Plato says, Dwelling within the walls of a city
as in a shepherd's fold on a mountain. [The three last words are omitted
in the translation.][B]
[A] These words are from Euripides. They are cited by
Aristotle, Ethic. Nicom. viii. 1. Athenaeus (xiii. 296) and
Stobaeus quote seven complete lines beginning [Greek: era men
ombrou gaia]. There is a similar fragment of Aeschylus,
Danaides, also quoted by Athenaeus.
It was the fashion of the Stoics to work on the meanings of
words. So Antoninus here takes the verb [Greek: philei],
"loves," which has also the sense of "is wont," "uses," and the
like. He finds in the common language of mankind a
philosophical truth, and most great truths are expressed in the
common language of life; some understand them, but most people
utter them without knowing how much they mean.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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