“With regard to the so-called seas and lakes, the _Mare Crisium_ is a plain of dark vegetation, oval in shape and situated near the edge of a new moon, as seen from Earth. The irregular, dark plain, _Oceanus Procellarum_, is thickly wooded with the small and dark brown trees already mentioned. It has open places of rock, thickly covered, and veined with metals which are exceedingly abundant over the whole of the planet, and can be seen lying on the surface and in rich strata everywhere, as volcanic action has exposed them, so that they reflect the sun’s rays like mirrors and are dazzling to view. We should say these are the cause of the strange, bright lights and flashes often seen through telescopes, for, of course, on the moving moon they are always changing. Luna is exceedingly rich in all kinds of metals, including gold, much of which is on the surface. What we have been accustomed to consider marsh, we found to be grass-land, plentifully spotted with darker grass and earth and some peculiar loose earth containing unknown minerals in fine grains. An old lake bed, as we expected to find it, is now used, apparently, as an amphitheatre for games and sports. The broad white ‘rays’ which have been a mystery to astronomers of all ages, and which diverge from many of the lunar ring-plains, comprise seven distinct systems, each composed of many hundreds of rays. They pass over the surface of the plains and mountains parallel to the configuration of them, thus partaking of their shape and, as seen from Earth, differ from them only in brightness; they vary from eight to fifteen miles in breadth and many are of enormous length. Perhaps the longest are from Tycho, but instead of being two thousand miles, as measured on Earth, we find these, from actual measurement, to be two thousand six hundred and twenty-four miles in extent. These hitherto inexplicable streaks are caused by peculiar effects of refraction.