Uranus revolves round the sun at a distance from him of about
1,780,000,000 miles, in an orbit which takes eighty-four of our years
to complete. Barnard gives his diameter at 34,900 miles, and if this
measure be correct, he is the third largest planet of the system.
Other measures give a somewhat smaller diameter, and place Neptune
above him in point of size.
Subsequent observers have been able to see but little more than
Herschel saw upon the diminutive disc to which even so large a body
is reduced at so vast a distance. When near opposition, Uranus can
readily be seen with the naked eye as a star of about the sixth
magnitude, and there is no difficulty in picking him up with the
finder of an ordinary telescope by means of an almanac and a good star
map, nor in raising a small disc by the application of a moderately
high power, say 200 and upwards. (Herschel was using 227 at the time
of his discovery.) But small telescopes do little more than give their
owners the satisfaction of seeing, pretty much as Herschel saw it,
the object on which his eye was the first to light. Nor have even the
largest instruments done very much more. Rings, similar to those of
Saturn, were once suspected, but have long since been disposed of,
and most of the observations of spots and belts have been gravely
questioned. The Lick observers in 1890 and 1891 describe the belts as
'the merest shades on the planet's surface.'
The spectrum of Uranus is marked by peculiarities which distinguish
it from that of the other planets. It is crossed by six dark
absorption-bands, which indicate at all events that the medium
through which the sunlight which it reflects to us has passed is of
a constitution markedly different from that of our own atmosphere. It
was at first thought that the spectrum gave evidence of the planet's
self-luminosity; but this has not proved to be the case, though
doubtless Uranus, like Jupiter and Saturn, is in the condition of
a semi-sun. Like the other members of the group of large exterior
planets, his density is small, being only 1/5 greater than that of
water.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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