(Plate XXVI.).
[Illustration:
PLATE XXVI.
1 2
Photographs of Swift's Comet. By Professor E. E. Barnard.
1. Taken April 4, 1892; exposure 1 hour. 2. Taken April 6, 1892;
exposure 1 hour 5 minutes.]
Anyone who desires to become a comet-hunter must, in addition to
the possession of the supreme requisites, patience and perseverance,
provide himself with an instrument of at least 4 inches aperture,
together with a good and comprehensive set of star-charts and the New
General Catalogue of nebulæ with the additions which have been made to
it. The reason for this latter item of equipment is the fact that many
telescopic comets are scarcely to be distinguished from nebulæ, and
that an accurate knowledge of the nebulous objects in the regions to
be searched for comets, or at least a means of quickly identifying
such objects, is therefore indispensable. The portions of the heavens
which afford the most likely fields for discovery will naturally be
those in the vicinity of where the sun has set at evening, or where he
is about to rise in the early morning, all comets having of necessity
to approach the sun more or less closely at their perihelion passage.
Other parts of the heavens should not be neglected; but these are the
most likely neighbourhoods.
Most of us, however, will be content to discover our comets in the
columns of the daily newspaper, or by means of a post-card from
some obliging friend. The intimation, in whatever way received, will
generally contain the position of the comet at a certain date, given
in right ascension and declination, and either a statement of its
apparent daily motion, or else a provisional set of places for several
days ahead. Having either of these, the comet's position must be
marked down on the star-map, and the course which it is likely to
pursue must be traced out in pencil by means of the data--a perfectly
simple matter of marking down the position for each day by its
celestial longitude and latitude as given. The observer will next note
carefully the alignment of the comet with the most conspicuous stars
in the neighbourhood of the particular position for the day of his
observation; and, guiding his telescope by means of these, will point
it as nearly as possible to that position. He may be lucky enough
to hit upon his object at once, especially if it be a comparatively
bright one. More probably, he will have to 'sweep' for it. In this
case the telescope must be pointed some little distance below and to
one side of the probable position of the comet, and moved slowly and
gently along, careful watch being kept upon the objects which pass
through the field, until a similar distance on the opposite side of
the position has been reached. Then raise the instrument by not more
than half a field's breadth, estimating this by the stars in the
field, and repeat the process in the opposite direction, going on
until the comet appears in the field, or until it is obvious that it
has been missed.
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