What the telescope does with Epsilon Lyræ, it does with a great
multitude of other stars. There are thousands of doubles of all
degrees of easiness and difficulty--doubles wide apart, and doubles so
close that only the finest telescopes in the world can separate
them; doubles of every degree of likeness or of disparity in their
components, from Alpha Geminorum (Castor), with its two beautiful
stars of almost equal lustre, to Sirius, where the chief star is the
brightest in all the heavens, and the companion so small, or rather so
faint, that it takes a very fine glass to pick it out in the glare
of its great primary. The student will find in these double stars an
extremely good series of tests for the quality of his telescope.
They are, further, generally objects of great beauty, being often
characterized, as already mentioned, by diversity of colour in the
two components. Thus, in addition to the examples given above,
Eta Cassiopeiæ presents the beautiful picture of a yellow star in
conjunction with a red one, while Epsilon Boötis has been described as
'most beautiful yellow and superb blue,' and Alpha Herculis consists
of an orange star close to one which is emerald green. It has been
suggested that the colours in such instances are merely complementary,
the impression of orange or yellow in the one star producing a purely
subjective impression of blue or green when the other is viewed; but
it has been conclusively proved that the colours of very many of the
smaller stars in such cases are actual and inherent.
Not only are there thousands of double stars in the heavens, but there
are also many multiple stars, where the telescope splits an apparently
single star up into three, four, or sometimes six or seven separate
stars. Of these multiples, one of the best known is Theta Orionis. It
is the middle star of the sword which hangs from the belt of Orion,
and is, of course, notable from its connection with the Great Nebula;
but it is also a very beautiful multiple star. A 2-1/2-inch telescope
will show that it consists of four stars in the form of a trapezium;
large instruments show two excessively faint stars in addition. Again,
in the same constellation lies Sigma Orionis, immediately below the
lowermost star of the giant's belt. In a 3-inch telescope this
star splits up into a beautiful multiple of six components, their
differences in size and tint making the little group a charming
object.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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