The moons of Mars are among the most curious finds of modern
astronomy. When the ingenious Dr. Jonathan Swift, in editing the
travels of Mr. Lemuel Gulliver, of Wapping, wrote that the astronomers
of Laputa had discovered 'two lesser stars, or satellites, which
revolve about Mars,' the suggestion was, no doubt, put in merely
because some detail of their skill had to be given, and as well
one unlikely thing as another. Probably no one would have been more
surprised than the Dean of St. Patrick's, had he lived long enough,
or cared sixpence about the matter, to hear that his bow drawn at a
venture had hit the mark, and that Professor Asaph Hall had detected
two satellites of Mars. The discovery was one of the first-fruits of
the 26-inch Washington refractor, and was made in 1877, the year from
which the new interest in Mars may be said to date. The two moons
have been called Deimos and Phobos, or Fear and Panic, and are, in
all probability, among the very tiniest bodies of our system, as their
diameter can scarcely be greater than ten miles. Deimos revolves in an
orbit which takes him thirty hours eighteen minutes to complete, at
a distance of 14,600 miles from the centre of Mars. Phobos is much
nearer the planet, his distance from its centre being 5,800, while
from its surface he is distant only 3,700 miles. In consequence of
this nearness, he can never be seen by an observer on Mars from any
latitude higher than 69°, the bulge of the globe permanently shutting
him out from view. His period of revolution is only seven hours
thirty-nine minutes, so that to the Martian inhabitants, if there are
any, the nearer of the planet's moons must appear to rise in the west
and set in the east. By the combination of its own revolution and the
opposite rotation of Mars it will take about eleven hours to cross the
heavens; and during that period it will go through all its phases and
half through a second display.
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