Any trifling item of passing interest used to make S. forget altogether the more or less acute pain he experienced in his neck and shoulders, and reacted no less successfully on his torticollis. When systematic and methodical exercise of the muscles was ordered, nothing was more natural than that their long period of inactivity should have the result of causing a vague feeling of stiffness in them with the unwonted action. Yet S. never dreamed of such an ordinary explanation, but pessimistically exaggerated the sensation, and deemed it an infallible sign of the spread of the disease. It proved to be a simple enough matter, however, to convince him of its harmlessness, for it was sufficient to remind him of the corresponding stiffness he had felt after his first attempts at riding and fencing, and from that moment he ceased to pay any attention to it and therefore to complain. With spasm, on the other hand, pain is more frequently, though not always, associated. It may be said, of course, that since a tic may be evolved from a spasm, the pain of the latter is really the exciting cause of the former, but in the tic as it is constituted all these initial disturbances have disappeared, and what the patient does feel is the consequence of excess of muscular action or of articular displacement. His dolorous sensations form the sequel, not the prelude; they are not symptoms, but, so to speak, complications. CHAPTER IX THE DIFFERENT TICS This chapter we shall devote to a review, necessarily incomplete, of the principal sites in which tics are to be met with. We do not pretend to have collated every known case observed up to the present, and we foresee the likelihood, moreover, of new tics coming into being. Their numbers are as unlimited as is the diversity of functional acts of which they form the pathological expression. We must content ourselves, then, with the consideration of the most familiar and most recent examples. A rational classification would entail discussion of the various modes of derangement to which functional acts are liable, and this would demand in its turn a preliminary tabulation of function. How onerous such a task is, is patent from the uniform imperfection of the attempts already made, and the equivocal nature of their conclusions.