It has not fallen to our lot to observe the tonic variety of tongue tics, none the less must we believe in the possibility of their occurrence. Convulsive lingual movements, consecutive to disease of mouth or teeth, or to lesions of corresponding nerves, are in all probability spasms properly so called, to which disturbances of sensation and of nutrition are often superadded. The tonic contractions of tongue, lips, and masseters, which have been described in cases of hypochondriasis and puerperal psychosis, are much more nearly allied to the tonic type of tic, if, indeed, they are not to be identified with it. A case has been put on record by Lange of tonic contraction of the tongue during speaking and eating, each time that it touched the dental arches. No doubt the condition was a sort of tonic tic. Sometimes players of wind instruments are afflicted with a "professional cramp" of the tongue, as Strümpell has reported. Generally speaking, however, it is particularly in tics of language, and in the various kinds of stammering, that the tongue muscles are concerned. TICS OF THE JAWS--BITING TICS--TICS OF MASTICATION When the muscles of mastication are the site of tics, a medley of nibbling and mumbling results, from which convulsive movements of the same muscles consequent on cerebro-spinal mischief must be scrupulously separated. A. von Sarbo's[74] case of clonic maxillary spasm secondary to worry, depression, and an accident to the head, in a woman thirty-four years old, and otherwise free from stigmata--analogous cases are quoted by Strümpell and Ranschburg--was referred by him to a "spasm diathesis," akin to the "diathesis of contracture," but its etiology and evolution, together with a striking exaggeration of the knee jerks, negative the hypothesis of tic. The masseters are chiefly but not exclusively affected. Unilateral implication of the pterygoids has been noted by Leube in a young girl who was also an hysteric and a choreic. A patient of ours prefaces every conversation by rapidly raising or lowering his inferior maxilla four or five times, and blinking at the same time; the performance has its variants, moreover, with the occasional addition of several nasal expirations. Chattering or grinding of the teeth is a frequent accompaniment of the tics we are considering, and may have a disastrous issue in the loosening, cracking, or breaking of these structures, as in the case of O. A still more common incident is injury to the buccal mucous membrane, a significant instance of which is furnished by an episode in the history of young J.