Notwithstanding the fact that we are dealing with a chorea--that is
to say, with a disease which is almost as readily recognisable by
the public as by any professional--the difficulty of fixing its
onset is paralleled by the difficulty of knowing when it has
ceased. This uncertainty is explained by the facile and changeable
nature of the patient; until the condition is revealed by
unmistakable signs it passes for an insignificant muscular caprice
of no pathological importance, while its disappearance is not
associated with any particular modification of the patient's ways.
There is a natural tendency to identify all "nervous movements"
with myoclonus, but the conception is a remarkably nebulous one,
and means nothing more than "muscular twitch." On the other hand,
it is well understood that "nervous movements" are more or less
sudden movements of limbs, shoulders, face, always involuntary and
generally increasing in force and frequency with the nervous state
of the patient.
Parents say, for instance, that their child has become more
restless and irascible, and at the same time that he has had "more
movements of the nerves." The coincidence is unfailing. Is the
expression "nervous movement" lacking in precision? Yet it
signifies what it is intended to signify. We are concerned neither
with tonic convulsions nor with clonic spasms, nor yet with tics of
habit; what the term stands for is a complex contraction, brisk but
not violent, closely allied to the simplest of automatic acts, such
as a step in advance, a shrug of the shoulders, a frown, a sigh, a
moan, a crack of the fingers, an exclamation--in any case usually a
gesture of impatience. The whole thing, however, is so variable and
fugitive, that it cannot be said to constitute a definite
convulsive phenomenon. The contractions, further, in spite of their
complexity, escape the notice of their originator, who is quite
surprised at being asked the meaning of the movement he has just
made, as he is almost entirely ignorant of it.
Briefly, the "nervous movements" of which we have been speaking do
not belong either to myoclonus or to tic, but owe their
distinctiveness to their multiplicity and inconstancy. At the same
time they are always grafted on a certain neuropathic diathesis
akin to that of chorea; in fact, they are nought else than a form
of chorea themselves.
The psychical peculiarities of the patient with variable chorea may be
summed up in instability of thought and action, combined with mental
infantilism. Hence the terms "polymorphous chorea" and "chorea of
degenerates" are used synonymously for variable chorea.[138] Sometimes
the disorders of the mind include hallucinations, and various forms of
phobia or mania.
One or two examples may be given:
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