Facts such as these teach us two things: the task of the physician is not ended with the disappearance of the tic, for it is the pathological mental state of the patient which renders him so easy a prey, and if we can modify that state by re-education, we may count on the cure being permanent. For a long time, however, we shall be well advised to talk simply of improvement. In the second place, relapse or slowness of progress is no reason for despair; treatment may have to be persevered with for a year or years, till the patient learns how his muscles act, how to maintain immobility, and how to effect a voluntary movement--notions which his fickle mind has hitherto neglected to grasp. Education of the will in the direction of control is calculated to bring him into line with normal individuals. A radical cure is not without the bounds of possibility, but it depends greatly on the patient himself; his success is contingent on his faithful repetition of exercises long after the tic is gone; for while a cure results whenever the tic ceases to incommode its subject, fatigue or emotion on some future occasion may reawaken the tendency to involuntary movements, and only a methodically trained will can triumph over the temptation to relapse. With this reservation, one may expect permanence in the cure, provided the affection is of recent date and the patient gives evidence of his assiduity and desire for relief. MIRROR DRILL Among various re-educational procedures which are worth mentioning for their practical value, a place must be given to what has been called mirror drill by one of us. We all know that the term mirror writing is in use to specify that mode of caligraphy which looks exactly like ordinary writing when it is reflected in a mirror or if the paper is held to the light and seen from the reverse side. Mirror handwriting may be done with either hand. If the right hand be employed, the characters are traced from right to left and are centripetal in relation to the axis of the body. If, on the contrary, it is the left hand that we use, the letters go from right to left, but they are centrifugal.