Darwin was not the author of the theory of evolution, but he made
the theory alive and real to the imagination. He showed us what a
master key it is for unlocking the riddle of the life of the globe.
He launched biological science upon a new career and made it worthy
of its place in the great trilogy of sciences, astronomy, geology,
and biology, of which Tennyson, in his poem "Parnassus," recognized
only the first two. Had Tennyson written his poem in our day he
would undoubtedly have included biology among his "terrible Muses"
that tower above all others, eclipsing the glory of the great poets.
Or is it true that we find it easier to accept the theory of the
evolution of the worlds and suns from nebulous matter than to accept
the theory of the evolution of man from the maze of the lower animal
forms? It is less personal to us. The astronomer has the advantage
of the biologist in one important respect: he can show us in the
heavens now the process of the evolution of worlds actually going
on, but the biologist cannot show us the transformation of one
species into another taking place to-day. We can sound the abysses
of astronomic space easier than we can sound the abysses of geologic
time. The stars and the nebulae we have always with us, but where
are the myriad earlier forms that were the antecedents of the
present animal life of the globe? True, the palaeontologist finds a
more or less disjointed record of them in the stratified rocks and
sees in a measure the course evolution has taken, but he does not
actually see it at work as does the astronomer. More than that, the
forces the astronomer deals with are mechanical and chemical, but
the biologist deals with a new force called life that often reverses
or defies mechanical and chemical forces, but which is yet so
identified and blended with them that we cannot conceive it apart
from them. The stomach does not digest itself, nor gravity hold the
blood in the lower extremities. The tree lifts up its weight of
fluids and solids and holds aloft its fruit and foliage in spite of
gravity; its growing roots split and lift the rocks; mosses and
lichens disintegrate granite; vital energy triumphs over chemical
and mechanical energy.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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