+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Illustration: A Modern Turret Clock.] | | | | [Illustration: Hour-Wheel and Snail.] | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ The Turret Clock which the highest skill and the best experience of the value of the latest improvements can produce, may be thus described:-- The Bed or Frame is of cast-iron. The Barrel on which the cords are wound possesses a metal cap in front, and a ratchet or toothed wheel at the back end; between this cap and ratchet is a metal drum or tube adapted to the width of the Frame. Passing through the drum is an axle or barrel-arbor, on the back end of which the main or barrel-wheel is fitted so as to allow the line which carries the weight to be wound upon the barrel without moving the wheel, which latter is kept in place by means of a cap or key pinned tight on the arbor. Upon the barrel wheels are fitted clicks and springs, the former falling into the toothed wheel or ratchet, and the latter keeping the clicks in place while the clock is being wound up, for as the weights are wound up the clicks prevent the barrel running back. At each end of the barrel arbor is a pivot in brass bearings fitted in plumber block, and bolted on the bed or frame with bolts and washers. Beyond the pivot on the front of the arbor is a square to receive the winder. The uprights or small frames for carrying the going-train contain the following; first, there is an arbor across the frame at the back of which is a pinion working in the teeth of the barrel-wheel; at the other end of the arbor is the centre-wheel with teeth cut in it, and above this wheel is another pinion running into it with a wheel at the other end, termed the third wheel and pinion. The escape-pinion runs into the third wheel; on this arbor is fitted the escape-wheel, which has very fine teeth cut in it. Above the escape-wheel is an arbor termed the verge arbor, to which are fitted the pallet arms. The pallet bits or pads working in the escape-wheel teeth are of hardened steel polished. At the back end of the verge arbor is fitted the crutch which connects the escapement and the pendulum rod. The escapement is that called the dead-beat or lever escapement, found to be the best for time-keeping, and least likely to get out of order. Upon the set-hand arbor, used for setting the hands on the dial to time, are two springs or keys to keep in place a wheel fitted loosely on the arbor, and working in the teeth of the centre-wheel. The hands are set by means of the set key which fits on the end of the arbor in front. At the back end of the same arbor is a joint by means of which an iron rod connects the clock to the dial, and works the outside hands. The whole of the arbors are turned with