CANTON BERNE—The Swiss district which does the largest export business in silver and base metal watches in Switzerland. The cantonal government has done everything possible to promote the industry, among other things: 1. Established information offices in the principal watch-making centers. 2. Established a permanent exhibition of articles used in the industry. 3. Established schools and associations and protective territories. 4. Prepared statistics and means for negotiating commercial relations. CAP—The part of the case that covers the movement. CAPPED JEWEL—A jewel having a protective end-stone. CARILLON—Chimes frequently used in the earlier clocks for striking the hours. Still used in some clocks. CARON, PETER AUGUSTUS—A famous Paris watchmaker, afterward called Beaumarchais, who made the first keyless watch of which we have any account. CASE—The metal box in which the movement of a watch is inclosed. CASE-SPRINGS—The springs which cause the outer bottom of a watch case to fly open when the lock spring is released. CENTER OF GYRATION—That point in which the whole mass of a rotating body might be concentrated without altering its moment of inertia. CENTER OF OSCILLATION—That point in a pendulum at which, if the whole mass of the pendulum were collected, the time of oscillation would be the same. CENTER SECONDS OR SWEEP SECONDS—A long seconds hand moved from the center of a watch dial, as are the minute and hour hands. CENTER STAFF—The arbor attached to the center wheel which carries the minute hand. CENTER WHEEL—The wheel in ordinary clocks and watches placed in the center of the frame on whose arbor the minute hand is carried. It is intermediate between the barrel and the third wheel. CHAMFER—To cut away to a bevel the right angle formed by two adjacent faces as of a jewel or stone. It is also occasionally used to signify channeling or grooving. [Illustration: CHAMFER] CHASING—A form of ornament for metals which is made by punching or pressing from behind to present the pattern in relief instead of by cutting away the material. CHOPS—In a pendulum clock the blocks, usually of brass, between which the top of the pendulum suspension spring is clipped to prevent its twisting as it swings. CHRONOGRAPH—In general, a recording clock or watch. Specifically, a watch with a center-seconds hand which may be stopped, started or returned to zero at will by pressing a button. Used for timing races, or measuring other short spaces of time with great exactness. CHRONOMETER—Any very accurate time-keeper. Usually understood to mean a time-keeper fitted with a spring detent escapement. They usually have a fusee and a cylindrical balance spring.