VACHERON AND CONSTANTIN—In 1840 established the first _complete_ watch factory in Switzerland. Not until later, however, was motor power used instead of foot-power; and later still manufacture by machinery. The work in this factory is carried on under a combination of all accepted methods. VAILLY, DOM—A Benedictine monk of about 1690 who made a water clock which Beckmann says was the first to be constructed on a really scientific principle. See _Clocks, Interesting Old—Vailly's_. VAN DER WOERD, CHARLES—A prominent man in connection with watch manufacturing in this country. In 1864 he invented an automatic pinion cutter; in 1874 an automatic screw machine. From 1876-1883 he was superintendent of the Waltham factory. VERGE—The pallet axis of the verge escapement. See diagram of Verge Escapement. It carries the balance at its top. VERGE WATCH—A watch with a verge escapement. VICK, HENRY DE. See _De Vick_. VOLUTE—A flat spiral. VOLUTE-SPRING—A flat metallic spring coiled in a spiral conical form and compressible in the direction of its axis. WALLINGFORD, RICHARD—An English mechanic and astronomer of the fourteenth century. He made a clock which is supposed to have been the first that was regulated by a fly-wheel. Several authorities, however, claim that Wallingford's "clock" was actually a planetarium. WALTHAM—A town in Massachusetts—the site of the first successful watch factory in America. At present a great watch making center. WATCH—In modern parlance, a small timepiece to carry about on the person. Formerly a timepiece which _showed_ time in distinction to clock which _struck_ time. Derham (1734) uses the term to indicate all timepieces driven by springs. The term may have been derived from the Swedish _vacht_, German _wachen_, or Saxon _woecca_. The spaces of time between the fillings of a clepsydra were also called "watches." WATCH COLLECTIONS—For list of principal collections, past and present, see Jewelers' Circular files August to December 1915. List compiled by Major Paul M. Chamberlain of Chicago. For list of principal present collections, see Appendix to this volume derived from the Chamberlain Compilation.