It is distinguished from R. integra by its gills not being pulverulent. _Fries._ =Spores= yellow 7–9µ _Massee_; 11–14×8–10µ _Sacc._, _Syll_. July to frost. _McIlvaine._ R. alutacea is easily recognized among Russulæ by its mild taste and broad yellow gills. In young specimens one sometimes has to look at the gills at an angle to detect the yellow. It is quite common but a solitary grower. It is everywhere eaten as a favorite. Only fresh plants yield a good flavor. When the stem is soft, it should be thrown away. =R. puella´ris= Fr. (Plate XLIV, fig. 7, p. 184.) =Mild.= =Pileus= 1–1½ in. across, flesh almost membranaceous except the disk; conico-convex then expanded, at first rather gibbous, then slightly depressed, scarcely viscid, color peculiar, purplish-livid then yellowish, disk always darker and brownish; tuberculosely striate, often to the middle. =Gills= adnate but very much narrowed behind, thin, crowded, white then pale-yellow, not shining nor powdered with the spores. =Stem= 1–1½ in. long, 2–4 lines thick, equal, soft, fragile, wrinkled under a lens, white or yellowish; stuffed, soon hollow; taste mild. =Spores= subglobose, pale-yellow, echinulate, 10×8–9µ _Massee_. In woods. Among the most frequent and readily recognized of species, occurring in troops. Always small, thin, taste mild. Allied to R. nitida, but more slender; color paler, and not shining. _Fries._ Distinguished from R. nitida and R. nauseosa by the absence of smell. _Massee._ Var. _inten´sior_ Cke. Nearly the same size as the typical form; pileus deep purple, nearly black at the disk. The stem has a tendency to become thickened at the base, and turns yellowish when touched. Var. _rose´ipes_ Sec., given by Massee, has been retained as a distinct species by Professor Peck, Rep. 51, and is described in place. R. pusilla Pk., 50th Rep., is closely allied to it. West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, North Carolina. Common in woods and under trees in short grass. July to September. _McIlvaine._ This little Russula is ubiquitous. It does not amount to much when other fungi are plenty, because of its very thin cap, but it thrives in all sorts of summer weather. When its companions are scarce or parched R. puellaris is gladly gathered by the mycophagist, its numbers making up for its lightness and lack of flavor. =R. pusil´la= Pk.—little. =Pileus= very thin, nearly plane or slightly and umbilicately depressed in the center, glabrous, slightly striate on the margin, red, sometimes a little darker in the center, the thin pellicle separable. =Flesh= white, taste mild. =Lamellæ= broad for the size of the plant, subventricose, subdistant, adnate or slightly rounded behind, white, becoming yellowish-ochraceous in drying. =Stem= short, soft, solid or spongy within, white. =Spores= faintly tinged with yellow, 7.6µ broad. =Pileus= scarcely 1 in. broad. =Stem= 6–12 lines long, 2–3 lines thick. Bare ground in thin woods. Port Jefferson. July.