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Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.McIlvaine, Charles

Science

Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.

Name: Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.
Author: McIlvaine, Charles

McIlvaine, Charles

Cooking (Mushrooms); Edible mushrooms -- North America; Fungi -- North America; Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Poisonous -- North America

=Plant= 2–4 in. high. =Pileus= 1.5–4 in. or more broad. =Stem= 4–8 lines
thick. _Peck_, 36th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.

=Spores= spheroid-ellipsoid, 9×6µ _K._; 6×8µ _W.G.S._

The varieties of A. campester are numerous. All of them are edible and
vary but slightly in their excellence.

Var. _al´bus_ Berk.—_albus_, white. A very common wild form. =Cap= 2–4
in. across, smooth or slightly fibrillose. =Stem= 1½-3 in. long, ⅓-⅔ in.
thick, white or whitish. Spring to autumn, in rich grassy places.
Sometimes very large. It is cultivated.

Var. _gri´seus_ Pk.—_griseus_, gray. =Cap= grayish, silky, shining.
=Ring= vanishing. Reported from Virginia.

Var. _prati´cola_ Vitt.—_pratum_, a meadow; _colo_, to inhabit. Meadow
variety. =Cap= covered with reddish scales. =Flesh= pinkish. Parade
ground, Mt. Gretna, Pa.

Var. _umbri´nus_ Vitt.—_umber_, dark brown. =Cap= brown, smooth. =Stem=
short, minutely scaly.

“Var. _rufes´cens_ Berk.—_rufescens_, becoming red. =Pileus= reddish,
minutely scaly. =Gills= at first white. =Stem= elongated. =Flesh=
turning bright red when cut or bruised. This departs so decidedly from
the ordinary characters of the type, especially in the white color of
the young gills, that it seems to merit separation as a distinct
species.” _Peck_, 36th Rep.

Var. _villa´ticus_ Brond.—belonging to a villa. =Cap= scaly. =Stem=
scaly.

Var. _horten´sis_ Cke.—growing in gardens. =Cap= brownish or
yellowish-brown, covered with fibrils or minute hairs. This is a
cultivated species.

“Var. _Bu´channi_. =Cap= white, smooth, depressed in center, the margin
naked. =Stem= stout. =Ring= thin, lacerated. A rare variety, sometimes
occurring in mushroom beds.

“Var. _elonga´tus_—elongated. Long-stemmed variety. =Pileus= small,
smooth, convex, the margin adorned with the adherent remains of the
lacerated veil. =Stem= long, slender, slightly thickened toward the
base. =Ring= slight or evanescent. This is also a variety of mushroom
beds.

“Var. _vapora´rius_. Green-house variety (A. vaporarius Vitt.) =Pileus=
brownish, coated with long hairs or fibrils. =Stem= hairy-fibrillose,
becoming transversely scaly. Conservatories, cellars, etc. Not differing
greatly from Var. hortensis.” _Peck_, 36th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

Opening the text

Science

Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.

McIlvaine, Charles

Cooking (Mushrooms); Edible mushrooms -- North America; Fungi -- North America; Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Poisonous -- North America

=Plant= 2–4 in. high. =Pileus= 1.5–4 in. or more broad. =Stem= 4–8 lines
thick. _Peck_, 36th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.

=Spores= spheroid-ellipsoid, 9×6µ _K._; 6×8µ _W.G.S._

The varieties of A. campester are numerous. All of them are edible and
vary but slightly in their excellence.

Var. _al´bus_ Berk.—_albus_, white. A very common wild form. =Cap= 2–4
in. across, smooth or slightly fibrillose. =Stem= 1½-3 in. long, ⅓-⅔ in.
thick, white or whitish. Spring to autumn, in rich grassy places.
Sometimes very large. It is cultivated.

Var. _gri´seus_ Pk.—_griseus_, gray. =Cap= grayish, silky, shining.
=Ring= vanishing. Reported from Virginia.

Var. _prati´cola_ Vitt.—_pratum_, a meadow; _colo_, to inhabit. Meadow
variety. =Cap= covered with reddish scales. =Flesh= pinkish. Parade
ground, Mt. Gretna, Pa.

Var. _umbri´nus_ Vitt.—_umber_, dark brown. =Cap= brown, smooth. =Stem=
short, minutely scaly.

“Var. _rufes´cens_ Berk.—_rufescens_, becoming red. =Pileus= reddish,
minutely scaly. =Gills= at first white. =Stem= elongated. =Flesh=
turning bright red when cut or bruised. This departs so decidedly from
the ordinary characters of the type, especially in the white color of
the young gills, that it seems to merit separation as a distinct
species.” _Peck_, 36th Rep.

Var. _villa´ticus_ Brond.—belonging to a villa. =Cap= scaly. =Stem=
scaly.

Var. _horten´sis_ Cke.—growing in gardens. =Cap= brownish or
yellowish-brown, covered with fibrils or minute hairs. This is a
cultivated species.

“Var. _Bu´channi_. =Cap= white, smooth, depressed in center, the margin
naked. =Stem= stout. =Ring= thin, lacerated. A rare variety, sometimes
occurring in mushroom beds.

“Var. _elonga´tus_—elongated. Long-stemmed variety. =Pileus= small,
smooth, convex, the margin adorned with the adherent remains of the
lacerated veil. =Stem= long, slender, slightly thickened toward the
base. =Ring= slight or evanescent. This is also a variety of mushroom
beds.

“Var. _vapora´rius_. Green-house variety (A. vaporarius Vitt.) =Pileus=
brownish, coated with long hairs or fibrils. =Stem= hairy-fibrillose,
becoming transversely scaly. Conservatories, cellars, etc. Not differing
greatly from Var. hortensis.” _Peck_, 36th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.

Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.

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