Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.McIlvaine, Charles
Science
Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.
McIlvaine, Charles
Cooking (Mushrooms); Edible mushrooms -- North America; Fungi -- North America; Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Poisonous -- North America
The chief distinguishing mark of this species is the abrupt, nearly
globose, bulbous base of the stem. This is somewhat flattened above and
is sometimes longitudinally split on the sides. The small warts of the
pileus are easily separable, and in mature specimens they have often
wholly or partly disappeared. The remains of the volva are not present
on the bulb in mature dried specimens, which indicates that the species
should be placed in the same group with A. rubescens, A. spissa, etc.
The latter species have the bulb of the stem similar to that of our
plant, but the color of the pileus and other characters easily separate
it. _Peck_, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, Vol. 24, No. 3.
Alabama, _Underwood_; New Jersey, Pennsylvania, _McIlvaine_. July to
September.
This species is edible and quite equal in quality to A. rubescens. Great
care should be exercised in distinguishing it.
=A. nit´ida= Fr.—_niteo_, to shine. =Pileus= when flattened 4 in. broad,
whitish, fleshy, _somewhat compact_, at first hemispherical, wrapped up,
the _thick volva_ forming a floccose crust, then _broken up into thick,
remarkably angular, adhering warts, which become brownish_, dry,
shining, without a glutinous pellicle, margin always even. =Flesh=
_white, quite unchangeable_. =Stem= 3 in. long, 1 in. thick, solid,
_firm_, conico-attenuated, _with a bulb-shaped base, squamulose_, white.
=Ring= superior, thin, torn, slightly striate, white, villous beneath,
at length disappearing. =Gills= _free_, crowded, _very broad_, as much
as ½ in., ventricose, shining white. _Fries._
Menands. Albany county. Our plant is more slender than the typical form,
and has smaller but more numerous warts, but in other respects it
exhibits the characters of this species. _Peck_, 43d Rep. N.Y. State
Bot.
California, _H. and M._; Maryland. Common in nearly every woods in
Maryland. _Banning._
From its likeness to poisonous species it should be suspected.
=A. prairiic´ola= Pk—_prairie, colo_, to inhabit. =Pileus= thin, convex,
slightly verrucose, white, more or less tinged with yellow, even on the
margin. =Flesh= white. =Gills= rather broad, subdistant, reaching the
stem, white. =Stem= equal or slightly tapering upward, somewhat squamose
toward the base, white or whitish, the annulus persistent. =Spores=
large, broadly elliptical, 12–14µ long, 7–9µ broad.
=Pileus= 1.5–3 in. broad. =Stem= 2–2.5 in. long, 2–4 lines thick.
Bare ground on open prairies. Kansas. September. _E. Bartholomew._
This species belongs to the same tribe as A. abrupta. The only evidence
of the presence of a volva shown by the dried specimens is found in a
few inconspicuous, but separable warts on the pileus. There is no well
marked bulb to the stem and no evidence remains of a volva at its base.
_Peck_, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, Vol. 24, No. 3.
Reported from Kansas only. Qualities unknown.
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