_Laucet._ London, 1906. Vol. I, p. 984. _The germ-destroying properties of tobacco._ ARNOLD, M. B. _On the effects of the Exposure of Tobacco Smoke on the growth of pathogenic micro-organisms._ _Laucet._ London, 1907. Vol. I, p. 1220. MURRAY, J. C. _Smoking; when injurious, when innocuous, when beneficial._ London, 1871. LEZARS, I. _The use and abuse of Tobacco._ Philadelphia, 1883. CHAPTER XIX MISCELLANEOUS REVENUE, TAXATION, ETC., IN CONNECTION WITH TOBACCO. FREE IMPORTS. DISEASES OF TOBACCO. TOBACCO FLAVORS. FORMULAE. NOTES The "per capita" consumption of tobacco in the U. S. has increased from 1.6 lbs. in 1863 to between 5 and 6 lbs. at the present time. * * * * * At the present time the United States collects about 70 million dollars annually from domestic taxation on manufactured tobacco; and, in addition, about 25 million in import duties. The actual total income from tobacco in 1912 was 96 million dollars. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, tax was paid on the following "withdrawn for consumption": Cigars weighing more than 3 lbs. per thousand, 7,699,037,543. Cigars weighing less than 3 lbs. per thousand, 1,033,778,160. Cigarettes weighing more than 3 lbs. per thousand, 18,194,311. Cigarettes weighing less than 3 lbs. per thousand, 14,276,771,160. Snuff, lbs., 33,209,488. Tobacco, chewing and smoking, lbs., 401,362,620. * * * * * In France, Spain, Austria, Italy and other countries the government has a monopoly over the manufacture and sale of tobacco products. Purchase of leaf in the U. S. is made through government agents. * * * * * The quantities of tobacco which may be imported "free of duty" into European countries is as follows: Austro-Hungary--12 cigars, 35 grams tobacco. Belgium-None. Bulgaria--50 cigars, 50 cigarettes, 50 grams tobacco. Denmark--None. Egypt--25 cigars, 100 cigarettes, 200 grams tobacco. France--80 cigars, 300 cigarettes. Germany--Enough for immediate use. Great Britain--12 cigars, 20 cigarettes. Holland--None. Italy--6 cigars, 15 cigarettes. Norway--100 cigars. Portugal--None. Russia--100 cigars, 100 cigarettes, 100 grams tobacco. Spain--None. Sweden--None. Turkey--None. * * * * * In U. S. 50 cigars and 300 cigarettes may be imported free. * * * * * Small variations in the cost of manufacture (including the cost of leaf), which do not exceed 10%, are usually borne by the manufacturer, and do not affect the price to the consumer. But increase in taxation, either internal revenue or tariff, usually occasions a diminution in consumption as it invariably increases the cost. THE DISEASES OF TOBACCO DUE TO INSECT PESTS, ETC.