[25] Not only to the later works of Beethoven. Even in the case of those earlier works which he consented to regard as "artistic," Tolstoy complained of "their artificial form."--In a letter to Tchaikowsky he contrasts with Mozart and Haydn "the artificial manner of Beethoven, Schubert, and Berlioz, which produces calculated effects." [26] Instance the scene described by M. Paul Boyer: "Tolstoy sat down to play Chopin. At the end of the fourth Ballade, his eyes filled with tears. 'Ah, the animal!' he cried. And suddenly he rose and went out." (_Le Temps,_ November 2, 1902.) CHAPTER XV "RESURRECTION" Ten years separated _Resurrection_ from the _Kreutzer Sonata_.[1] ten years which were more and more absorbed in moral propaganda. Ten years also separated the former book from the end for which this life hungered, famished as it was for the eternal. _Resurrection_ is in a sense the artistic testament of the author. It dominates the end of his life as _War and Peace_ crowned its maturity. It is the last peak, perhaps the highest--if not the most stupendous--whose invisible summit is lost in the mists. Tolstoy is seventy years old. He contemplates the world, his life, his past mistakes, his faith, his righteous anger. He sees them from a height. We find the same ideals as in his previous books; the same warring upon hypocrisy; but the spirit of the artist, as in _War and Peace_, soars above his subject. To the sombre irony, the mental tumult of the _Kreutzer Sonata_ and _The Death of Ivan Ilyitch_ he adds a religious serenity, a detachment from the world, which is faithfully reflected in himself. One is reminded, at times, of a Christian Goethe.