=—— to Jerusalem=; (_see_ Jews, Passports, Sea-Travel—pilgrim-galley) the most popular guide-book for, 42; routes, 207, 209-14; and their characteristics, 210-30; information bureau at Venice, 209; motives for, 208; decline of, and why, 208-9; licences for, 209; finance of, 209, 216, 229, 321-6, 365; at Jerusalem, 230-4; Easter excursions to Emmaus, Jordan, and Hebron, 234-6; Knighthood of the Holy Sepulchre, 239; lodging, 247-50, 323; enslavement of pilgrims, 358-60. =Pindar=, Sir Paul; 13, 14. =Pirates=; the chief centres, 72; frequency of, 72-74; tales of, 74, 106, 185-6. =Plague=; 201, 299, 360-1. =Plotius=; a typical guide-book writer, 35. =Poland=; 130-2, 263, 303, 337, 364, 373; inns, 243-4, 278; bridge at Yarunov, 289; expenditure in, 339-41. =—— Bibl.=; MS. Rawlinson, C. 799; Adelung, Cust, Łosinski, Moryson, Mundy, Possevino, Zetzner; IV. 1. note 14; VI. note 2. =Possevino=, Father (the Jesuit); 51, 310, 402. =Prague=; 140. =Psalms=; in use by travellers, 44, 64. "=Putting-Out=" money (travellers' insurance); 325-7, 357-8; for mortality among travellers, _see under_ Illness, and Robbers. =Quevedo Villegas=, F. G. de; quoted, 21, 275, 308. =Rabelais=; quoted, 44, 57, 77, 139, 355, 382. =Raleigh=, (Sir Walter)'s son abroad with Ben Jonson; 56. =Reresby=, Sir John; quoted, 149, 350. =Retz=, Cardinal de; quoted, 76, 94. =Riding= (_see_ Communications); 44, 333; Bulak asses, 220; camels, 228-9; post-horses, 292, 330-1. =Rivadeneyra's= "Cisma de Inglaterra" quoted, 41; life of Loyola quoted, 286, 320. =River-, and Lake-Travel=; 79-87; frequency of, 156; relatively cheap, 328-9. =Riviera=, the; unvisited, and why, 101, 260, 312. =Road-travel= (_see_ Communications, Luggage and Riding); inconveniences of, 79, 84, 328-9; on the way to Jerusalem, 210-30; transition-stage of, 284-5; anecdotes (state of the roads, etc.), 285-7, 308-12. =Roanne=; starting-point for navigation on the Loire, 79. =Robbers and Murderers= (_see_ Executions); in south-eastern Europe, 212, 214, 289; Arabs, 218, 220, 223, 225, 228-9, 234, 323, 359; at inns, 272; highwaymen, 287, 292, 329-30, 348-54, 363; a by-product of war, 311, 348-54. =Rohan=, Duc de (1600); his narrative typical, 33, 119; quoted, 117. =Rome=; as seen by visitors, 108-12, 116, 252, 280, 292, 343, 364, 376; numbers received into English College there, 28; Protestants at, 54, 110-1; hôtel Vasa d'Oro at, 240, 338. =Roos=, Lord; 54. =Rösmital=, Leo von; 399. =Russia=; _see_ Muscovy. =St. Amant=, the French poet; quoted, 303, 304, 307. =St. Malo=; guarded at night by savage dogs, 311-2. =Sanderson=, John; smuggles mummies, 223. =Sandys=, George; quoted, 28, 91, 92, 113, 187, 232, 323-5. =Sarpi=, Paolo; quoted, 60. =Sastrow=, B.; his autobiography, 20, 403; quoted, 133, 321, 350-1, 385. =Saumur=; 20, 115.