The final phase of the oil problem in particular and of the entire Mexican question in general is anti-foreignism. Article 27 of the new constitution contains a number of anti-foreign provisions other than petroleum nationalization. One is that only Mexican citizens may develop oil (and other properties) in the republic. Another section of the Constitution, as I have mentioned, gives this provision force by requiring that foreigners who sought to work such properties should appear before a government department and waive all rights of appeal to their home government for protection. This and other anti-foreign provisions are summed up in the so-called “Carranza Doctrine,” one of the interesting developments of his picturesque reign. This has been stated as follows: “No individual should aspire to a better situation than that of the citizens of the country to which he goes; legislation should be general and abstain from distinctions on account of nationality. Neither the power of nations nor their diplomacy should serve for the protection of particular interests or to exert pressure upon the governments of weak peoples with the end of obtaining modifications of laws which are disagreeable to the subjects of a powerful country.” The world outside largely persists in taking Mexican professions at their face value, and in solemnly accepting the beautiful Mexican laws and the beautiful Mexican arguments as literally true. On this point I have quoted elsewhere the words of a great Mexican publicist, who has written: “The carpet baggers of Mexico have traditions rooted as far back as colonial times. They combine the shrewd and subtle wit of the Indian with the grandiose words of modern civilization, with which they have gained the sympathy of uninformed outsiders.” Our own State Department has answered the “Carranza Doctrine” in no uncertain terms and once wrote that “the Department is of the opinion that ... an attempt is being made to coerce American companies ... to admit in advance ... the correctness of the contention of the Mexican government in the matter of ownership of oil deposits, against which the American government has made solemn protest as threatening confiscation of rights legally acquired by American citizens.”