Mexico -- Commerce; Mexico -- Economic conditions; Mexico -- Politics and government -- 1910-1946
Thus it came about that despite the apparent incongruity of the fact,
the Indians of Yucatan paid almost no attention to Alvarado’s land
distribution plans, listening to the alluring official announcements
with stolid indifference. They attended the festivals which accompanied
the distribution, but they took up no land grants.
There were indeed, many Indians who actually took flight into the
interior of the state as a result of the efforts to force land upon
them. The Mexican Indian, of whatever tribe, in reality desires deeply
but one thing--to be left alone to pursue his half-savage life in
his own way, an aboriginal ambition which should not be difficult to
understand by those who know anything of the North American Indian
of the United States. Socialism, like the responsibilities of land
ownership, is beyond his ken and he literally ran away from the offers
of either in Yucatan.
Some Indians, of course, remained, along with a great number of the
mixed-blood “slaves” who had been imported from the Mexican mainland
into the state during the boom period of the henequen business. These
were thoroughly “unionized” in the Mexican sense. That is, they were
forced to pay their poor little three pesos for a big red card which
proclaimed their membership in some union or other, were promised all
that the human heart could desire--and were allowed to subsist as long
as possible upon the promises. The unions were used to the double
end of ruining the capitalistic landlords and reducing the output of
henequen so that the price would go higher.
On the plantations where these “unionized” workmen remained, the old
task system, by which each man cut from 2,500 to 3,000 leaves a day,
was abandoned for a regular “eight-hour day” in which the workmen did
as little as they cared to do, and worked, not under instructions, but
wherever they chose to work. As a result the cutting of leaves was
reduced fully one-half, and the plants near the roads were overcut
while those deep in the fields were allowed to blossom and go to seed.
Both processes killed the henequen, which has to be cut regularly and
skillfully in order to prolong its life of usefulness. For miles the
great pole-like blossoms marked the henequen fields like a forest, and
thousands of productive acres went to ruin. Thus Nature’s inevitable
process of flowering and decay marked, itself, man’s crass flinging
back of her riches into the dust from which those riches had come in
the long slow years of his care of her.
Meanwhile, other forces had been at work, some building the pyramid
of mad ideas and madder methods, others undermining the pyramid’s
foundations upon the rocks of the conservative past or disintegrating
its mortar of imitation socialistic idealism. Of these forces, the
greatest was the financial cycle of paper money, “short” drafts and
towering mortgages against increasing stocks of unsold henequen.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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