[41] Just as Hercules (_vide_ Hercules, p. 180), who embodied in another line the tradition of Adam, is said by Mr Grote, "Hist. of Greece," i. p. 128-9, "to have been the most renowned and most ubiquitous of all the semi-divine personages worshipped by the Hellenes," so that "distinguished families are _everywhere_ to be traced who have his patronymic, and glory in the belief that they are his descendants." To whom would they trace back more naturally than to Adam? Well, the (Indian) Aryans also, according to Mr Hunter ("Rural Bengal," 103), "held (Book of Manu and the Vishnu Purana) that the Greeks and Persians were sprung from errant Kshatryas, who had lost their caste"--_i.e._ from their own race. They are called in the same books _Yavanas_ and Pahlavas. Now no one, I think, will call it a forced analogy to see in Yavana the name of Javan, the son of Japhet.[42] This I may call link the second. [42] This must be taken in connection with what I have said, ch. x. But the Aryans, as we have seen, are one of the three or four primitive races to which both philology and ethnology lead us back. They are contrasted, on the one side, with the Semitic, and, on the other, with the Hamitic or Turanian race. We will assume, then, on the strength of the philological and scriptural lines being so nearly conterminous, that at least, looking from the point of view of Scripture, the Aryan may be identified with great probability as the Japhetic race. If, then, the Aryan is the Japhetic race in its elder branch--to which its later migration would seem to testify--we should exactly expect that it would designate a kindred but collateral race, not by the name of their common ancestor, but by the name of the progenitor from whom they were more immediately descended--not as from Japhet, but from Javan. Thus the links seem to join; and here I leave them, till there may chance to come some one who will gather up all the links in the chain of tradition, dislocated and dispersed by the catastrophes which have been consequent upon the derelictions of mankind. The third view to which I wish to advert, is that put forward by Mr John F. M'Lennan in his "Primitive Marriage," 1865, which also revives the theory of a savage state, and moreover professes to discover primitive mankind living in a state of promiscuity, little, if at all, elevated above the brute, and this during the long period which was required to develop 1. the tribe; 2. the gens; 3. the family. It will be difficult for any one, who comes fresh from the perusal of Genesis, to realise the possibility of such a view being held; but, in truth, there is no view too grotesque for men in whose survey mankind appear originally on the scene as a mass of units coming into the world, no one knows how, like locusts rising above the horizon, or covering the earth perhaps like toads after a shower!