The times were changing. The improved social status of the theatre, the
support of the court, the vogue of private theatres like Blackfriars, the
increasing interest in the stage on the part of the lettered and
fashionable classes, supplied more intelligent and critical audiences; but
the increasing Puritanism separated the drama more and more from sympathy
with the main public. The drama became less national, more critical, and
less moral. The corrupt society of the reign of James I supplied little of
that imaginative idealism which had found expression at the time of the
Armada. It offered the serious drama either objects for satire and cynicism
or sophisticated and courtly ideals of conduct. In consequence, a more
conscious art found itself less competent than in the early drama to depict
greatness of mind, and resorted to the tracing of abnormal passion, the
casuistical inquiry into moral problems, the exposure of evil, or to
romance without moral intention.
Yet dramatic enterprise continued unabated. The theatre continued to
attract poetic ambition. Scholars, men of letters, gentlemen of rank turned
to the popular stage. There was as yet no suspicion of decadence. Rather
the past seemed to offer, through a recognition of its merits and a pruning
of its faults, encouragement for a greater achievement in the future. In
spite of critical realization of the absurdities of the early drama, and
of the necessity for a better regulated art, the integrity of the national
tradition was recognized and maintained. In 1612, in a preface to his
"White Devil," Webster, after explaining that he had departed from the
classical standards "willingly, and not ignorantly," proceeds to extol his
contemporaries and masters:--
"Detraction is the sworne friend to ignorance: for mine
owne part I have ever truly cherisht my good opinion of
other mens worthy labours; especially of that full and
haightened stile of Maister Chapman, the labor'd and
understanding workes of Maister Johnson, the no lesse
worthy composures of the both worthily excellent
Maister Beamont & Maister Fletcher, and lastly (without
wrong last to be named) the right happy and copious
industry of M. Shake-speare, M. Decker, & M. Heywood;
wishing that what I write may be read by their light;
protesting that, in the strength of mine owne
judgement, I know them so worthy, that though I rest
silent in my owne worke, yet to most of theirs I dare
(without flattery) fix that of Martiall:
--non morunt haec monumenta mori."
After a time the greatness of the past masters proved rather an impediment
than a stimulus. But in 1612 their work seemed to offer encouragement for
even greater achievement in the immediate future.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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