The Kél-ajéru, in Ajéru, a village situate in the upper part of the valley, in the lower part of which lies Áfasás. Here resides another important personage of the name of Háj Makhmúd. The Ítegén. The Kél-idákka, in Idákka, the native place of the mother of Astáfidet, the amanókal of the Kél-owí. The Kél-tezárenet, in Tezárenet, a district rich in date-trees. The Kél-tawár. The Kél-táfasás (?). I am not quite certain with regard to this name. The Kél-táranet. The Kél-átarár, living in the neighbourhood of Ágades, and having but an indifferent reputation. The Kél-aríl. The Im-ersúten. The Kél-azelálet. The Kél-anuwísheren, in Timázgaren (?). The Kél-táferaut. The Kél-aghrímmat. The Kél-awéllat. All these tribes in a certain degree belong to the body of the Kél-owí, whose nominal chief, if I may so call him, is the amanókal residing in Ásodi: but there is now another greater association or confederation, formed by the Kél-owí, the Kél-gerés, and the Itísan and some other smaller tribes combined together; and the head of this confederation is the great amanókal residing in Ágades. This league, which at present hardly subsists (the Kél-gerés and Itísan having been driven by the Kél- owí from their original settlements, and being opposed to them almost constantly in open hostility), was evidently in former times very strong and close. But before speaking of the Kél-gerés and their intimate friends the Itísan, I shall mention those small tribes which, though not regarded as belonging to the body of the Kél-owí and placed under the special and direct supremacy or government of the sultan of Ágades, are nevertheless more intimately related to them than to the other great tribes. These are, besides the Ém-egédesen[126], or the inhabitants of Ágades or Ágadez, of whom I shall speak in the account of my journey to that interesting place, the three tribes of the Kél-fadaye, the Kél-ferwán, and the Izeráren.