Towards the east, the districts of Ázawád and Tagánet are limited by several smaller ones, where the Arab population is greatly mixed with the Berber or Tawárek element, especially the Ífoghas. At the same time, these districts separate Ázawád from Áderár, the fine hilly country of the Awelímmiden, which is excellent not only for the breed of camels, but also for that of cattle. These intermediate districts are—_Ím- eggelála_, a district of about two days’ extent in every direction, consisting of black soil, and furnished with shallow wells; E. and E.N.E. of Tagánet, is _Tilímsi_, a district rich in food for the camel; E.N.E. of the hillet e’ Sheikh el Mukhtár, is another district called _Timitrén_, with many wells and a few villages; and E.N.E. of the latter, the district called Tirésht, or _Tighésht_, bordering on Áderár. Of Arab tribes in Ázawád and the adjoining districts, I have first to mention several sections of the great tribe of the _Kunta_, who are distinguished by their purer blood and by their learning above almost all the tribes of the desert. The Kunta are divided into the following sections:— The Ergágeda, who were formerly regarded as the Welaye, or the holy tribe. The Welád el Wáfi, at present the Welaye, with the Sheikh Áhmed el Bakáy as Welí, while his elder brother, Sídi Mohammed, exercises great authority over the whole of Ázawád. The Welád el Wáfi cultivate the friendship of the Hogár, while the Welád Sídi Mukhtár are the deadly enemies of the latter. They are subdivided into three divisions, called— El Mesádhefa, Welád ben Haiballa, and Welád ben ʿAbd e’ Rahmán. The Welád Sídi Mukhtár. El Hemmál. The Togát also are said to belong to the Kunta. The _Berabísh_ (singl. Berbúshi), a tribe less numerous than the Kunta, mustering about 260 men armed with muskets, and 180 horsemen, and not spread over so wide a tract, being concentrated in the district between Árawán and Bú-Jebéha. They pay a tribute of 40 mithkál of gold to the Hogár, and are molested by continual incursions of the Welád ʿAlúsh. The Berabísh, who probably are identical with the _Perorsi_ of the ancient geographers, have migrated southwards since that time, and are of very mixed blood. They lived formerly in El Hódh, and are mentioned by Marmol Carvajal, who wrote in the seventeenth century, as visiting the market of Ségo; in the beginning of the sixteenth century, they lived still further to the W., and visited especially the market of Jinni.[63] The Berabísh are divided into two groups, the principal of which is ruled by the chief Hámed Weled ʿAbéda Weled Rehál, and consists of the following sections: The Welád Slímán, the Shiúkh, that is to say, the tribe to whom the Sheikh belongs, and who have based their power and wealth upon the ruin and spoil of the Welád Ghánem. The Welád ʿEsh. The Welád Bú-Hinde. El Gwanín el kohol. El Gwanín el bédh. Welád Áhmed.