Travels in Africa, Egypt, and Syria, from the year 1792 to 1798Browne, William George
History
Travels in Africa, Egypt, and Syria, from the year 1792 to 1798
Browne, William George
Egypt -- Description and travel; Sudan -- Description and travel; Syria -- Description and travel
The _Jizié_ is much less considerable than it might be supposed,
from the following considerations. 1. That though there be many entire
villages of Copts in the Upper Egypt, several of them are rebellious,
and pay nothing. 2. The same people is very numerous in the towns;
but a great proportion of them consists of ecclesiastics, or of
persons in the service of the Beys, and both these descriptions are
exempt. The Greeks and Armenians are but few, and many of them pay
the _Jizié_ in other places, being only travellers. On the whole,
I doubt whether that tax in Egypt amounts to more than fifteen
hundred purses. The remaining revenue is made up of casualties;
as forfeitures, small imposts, and tolls, passing on the Nile, and
other parts of the interior; and above all, the incalculable profit
arising from continued plunder of all ranks and denominations. Five,
ten, twenty to thirty thousand patackes are demanded, in one day,
of the Christians engaged in commerce, at another of the Mohammedans,
and at another of the Franks. Advantage was taken of the unprotected
state in which the French merchants found themselves after the
commencement of the war, and all, except three, were in consequence
obliged to leave Kahira, and retire to Alexandria.
I never could learn that the wandering Arabs, or Bedouins, paid any
regular tribute. They were often plundered and repulsed when they came
in bodies too near the city; but in general the Beys appeared to be
inclined to keep them in good humour, for their personal security,
in case of being expelled from the government. The article of
salt, for there are _salines_ close to the sea, which supply all
Egypt with culinary salt, pay a low impost in entering Kahira,
and another at Assiût. All the prostitutes, the public baths,
the places where brandy is sold, (_Chummari_,) &c. &c. are under a
particular jurisdiction, and pay something to government.
In Kahira every trade or profession has its shech or leader, who has
great authority over the rest of his order; and this circumstance
tends much to the good order of the city. The gates no less, which
are at the end of every street, and which, though not capable of
resisting violence, impede the progress, and render difficult the
escape of ill-intentioned persons. The articles above enumerated
form collectively the _Miri_ or public revenue; 1200 purses of which
should be annually forwarded to Constantinople, but it is retained by
the Beys, under pretence of repairing mosques and other public works.
The Pasha receives, for his whole expenses, one thousand mahbûbs,
or three thousand piastres per day. His establishment however is
large, so that this is not esteemed a rich pashalik.
Murad Bey is accustomed to have from the mint daily, for his pocket
expenses, five hundred half mahbûbs, and his wife the same. This
amounts to fifteen hundred piastres, and is only a small part of
his disbursements.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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