After ascending for several hundred feet we came to trees of _C. pubescens_, which appear to belong to a zone just below, but in contact with the _C. ovatæ_. Their leaves were eaten by a caterpillar, red at both ends, with a horn, red stripe down the back, and red spots on each side, body striped green and yellow. Some hundred feet higher there were large trees of both varieties of _C. ovata_, growing in very moist parts of the forest, where the trees were covered with _Hymenophylla_ and dripping moss, the former a sure sign of extreme humidity. The ground was covered with fallen leaves to a great depth, and there was a good deal of shade. We collected seven plants of _C. ovata, var. α vulgaris_, and eleven of _C. ovata, var. β rufinervis_, five of which were strong healthy seedlings, the remainder being suckers, with spreading roots of their own. With the _C. ovatæ_ grows the _Carhua-carhua chica_ (_Cascarilla bullata_, Wedd.). In descending from these heights I came to a tree which Martinez called _copal_, but the trunk rose to such an extraordinary height, without branches, that I was unable to make out the appearance of the leaves or flowers. The bark was covered with a milk-white fragrant resin, of a nature analogous to _gum thus_ or _gum elemi_. The forest also abounds in vegetable and bees' wax, and in many varieties of gums and resins. On May 11th, as we had now collected a sufficient number of chinchona-plants, including those of the shrub _Calisaya_ which we intended to take up on our return across the _pajonales_, to fill the Wardian cases at Islay, Mr. Weir began to make up the plants in layers, with plenty of moss between them, ready for sewing up in the Russia matting. Having heard that a young man, a nephew of Gironda's, had planted a _C. Calisaya_ in a small clearing a few leagues up the ravine, I went to examine it. The clearing was on a steep declivity sloping down to the river, and had been partly planted with coffee and coca by its solitary occupant. The tree was a _Calisaya morada_, having been a root-shoot twelve inches high when it was planted in January, 1859. It is now seven feet high, six inches and four-tenths in circumference round the trunk, and three feet three inches across the longest branches from one side of the stem to the other. It was growing on the side of a steep hill, quite open to the south, east, and south-east, at the edge of a clearing, while mountains covered with forest rise up close behind it, on the north and west, to a great height. It is planted in a soil consisting of stiff yellowish loam, composed of vegetable matter, mixed with the disintegration of the soft clay slate. This is probably the only cultivated chinchona-tree in Peru. In returning to Lenco-huayccu I saw a flock of _Alectors_, large birds analogous to turkeys, and many parrots; and on my arrival I found that Mr. Weir had already made up the chinchona-plants, in four