Travels through Central Africa to Timbuctoo; and across the Great Desert, to Morocco, performed in the years 1824-1828, Vol. 1 (of 2)Caillié, René
History
Travels through Central Africa to Timbuctoo; and across the Great Desert, to Morocco, performed in the years 1824-1828, Vol. 1 (of 2)
Caillié, René
Sahara -- Description and travel; Sudan (Region) -- Description and travel
The Mandingoes of this part of Africa have more resources for food
than the negroes who inhabit the neighbourhood of the Senegal, who
have, in fact nothing but millet. Their food too is better cooked,
and, excepting salt, which they have a great deal of trouble to
obtain, they possess all that is necessary for supporting life; yams,
maize, rice, honey, foigné, beans, giraumons, and pistachios, grow
abundantly in this happy land: on the Senegal, on the other hand,
all these things are wanting, though salt is easily procured. The
expence of cultivation in this part of the country is low. The slaves
merely break up the surface of earth, to destroy the weeds, and the
seed is then sown. In planting yams, the ground is trenched up, for
the root does not thrive well in a level soil. Every thing grows here
very rapidly. The soil, which is composed of excellent black sandy
mould, is fertilized alternately by the rains and the tropical heat,
not less than by the numerous streams which wind through every part
of the country; thus the land rewards with interest the labour of
the husbandman. The foigné, which is sown during the month of May,
is gathered in July. This grain is very useful to the negroes, for it
often happens that their supplies of provisions are not sufficient
to last them till the following year. They might make two harvests
in the course of the year, as is done in Wassoulo, if they were not
too indolent. The foigné is abundant throughout the whole of the
south. The women take great pains in separating it from extraneous
matters. They expose the grain to the heat of the sun, after which
they put it into a mortar and clear it from the chaff, which requires
considerable time and trouble. The bran is afterwards extracted in
the same way, as on the Senegal; the foigné is then pounded a second
time, and when the grain is thoroughly cleared, it appears white and
of about the coarseness of gunpowder. It is next washed and drained
through a basket, in which it is allowed to remain until it swells
a little. After this it is again consigned to the mortar, and a few
strokes of the pestle suffice to reduce it to flour. If it were not
wetted, the process of trituration would require longer time. The
flour thus produced is made into a sort of pudding or paste called tau,
which is the sangleh of the negroes of the Senegal. When this tau is
baked it is put into a calabash, and seasoned with a sauce made of
giraumon leaves, various herbs, and allspice; a little gombo is also
added to render it glutinous, but neither salt nor butter is used in
this sauce. The yams are cooked in a different manner. They are first
boiled, and then pounded, and they are eaten with a sauce composed of
dried fish reduced to powder, a little gombo, allspice, and zambala,
or nédé seeds boiled, dried, and pulverized; which gives them a
very agreeable flavour. Though the nédé seeds are very abundant in
this country, yet the women use them but sparingly in their cookery,
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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