[215] M. Josafat Barbaro’s account of his travels is in Ramusio’s Collection. [216] Zumburka. [217] Sanjak. [218] Afterwards Bajazet II, reigned from 1481-1512. [219] The unfortunate Djim-Zizim, or Zemes, who, being defeated by Bajazet in his struggle for empire, fled first to Egypt and then to Rhodes. He was sent to Rome to the Pope Innocent VIII, but was poisoned at the instigation of the infamous Alexander Borgia, who had been forced to give him up to Charles VIII of France. [220] Ikindjis. [221] Siwas, sixty miles from Tokat on the Kizzil Irmak, with manufactures of coarse woollen, etc. [222] River Iris, the present Kizzil Irmak. [223] Niksar. [224] Koili Hissar, according to Kiepert’s Map on the Schonak or Owadmish Schai, which falls into the Yekyl Irmak. It is a little below Shebban Kara Hissar; it is also called Koyunlu Hissar. [225] Shebban Kara Hissar, still noted for its alum mines. The castle is built on an isolated mountain about six hundred feet high and three miles in circumference, and is of great natural strength; it has the same contrivance common to most of the old castles for the supply of water during a siege, namely, a staircase excavated in the solid rock. It was probably one of the treasure-cities of Mithridates mentioned by Strabo. The trade in alum has greatly diminished, as it is now exported to Turkish provinces solely. [226] Probably Egin on the Euphrates, on the route from Erzingan to Malatia. See Angiolello, cap. 6. [227] Compare the death of Archimedes. [228] Ikindjis. [229] Erzingan. See p. 7. [230] Malatia, the ancient Melitene, near the Euphrates or Murad, in lat. N. 30 deg. 26 min., long. E. 38 deg. 27 min. [231] This is only in the dry season, as there are no islands, only sandbanks. [232] Peer Ahmed. [233] See Angiolello, cap. 7. [234] This battle took place near Malatia 1473. [235] Knolles says that Mustafà, Mahomet the Second’s eldest son, and Amurath, Pasha of Roumania (the latter of whom was killed in the battle), commanded the Turks when they were defeated in 1473. He also mentions another battle the next year in which Mahomet was present in person and was defeated, one of his great Pashas being killed. Perhaps two battles were made out of this one, or more probably the battle previously mentioned (p. 20) was a Persian victory. [236] Baiboort, on the river Turak or Delchoroch Su, which flows into the Euxine near Batoum. It is situated nearly due north of Erzingan. [237] The battle of Tabeada. [238] Peer Ahmed. [239] Knolles says that the Turkish artillery did great mischief to the Persians, as in the battle of Schalderan. [240] Baiboort. See p. 5. [241] Ikindjis. [242] Erzingan. [243] Shebban Kara Hissar. See p. 23. [244] After crossing the river the Turkish army evidently began to retreat to their own country. Why they went near Malatia is not very evident.