Treatise on Poisons: In relation to medical jurisprudence, physiology, and the practice of physicChristison, Robert, Sir
Science
Treatise on Poisons: In relation to medical jurisprudence, physiology, and the practice of physic
Christison, Robert, Sir
Medical jurisprudence; Toxicology
Cut any soft solids into small pieces, put the whole into a porcelain
basin, add as much hydrochloric acid as equals the probable weight of
the dry matter in the mixture, and then water enough to form a thin
pulp. Heat the basin over the vapour-bath, adding every five minutes
about half a drachm of chlorate of potass, and stirring frequently,
until the liquid become clear-yellow, homogeneous, and thin. Add now two
drachms more of the chlorate; filter through linen, washing the residuum
on the filter with boiling water; concentrate to a pound; add a strong
solution of sulphurous acid till its odour predominates, and expel the
excess of it by heat. The liquid is now ready for the transmission of
hydrosulphuric acid gas, which should be transmitted in a slow stream
for twelve hours. Wash away any sulphuret adhering to the tube by means
of ammonia, and add the solution to the principal liquid; which is next
to be left at a gentle heat about 80° F., in a vessel covered with
paper, till the sulphureous smell entirely disappear. The precipitate,
which contains organic matter as well as sulphuret, is then to be
collected on a paper filter, washed, and dried with the filter over the
vapour-bath. The animal matter is next destroyed, and the sulphuret
converted into arsenic acid, by dropping on it fuming nitrous acid till
the whole is moistened, drying the product thoroughly over the
vapour-bath, moistening the residuum with concentrated sulphuric acid,
heating the mixture again in the vapour-bath for two or three hours, and
raising the heat afterwards gradually in a sand-bath to 300° F., till a
charred brittle mass be obtained. This is to be heated over the
vapour-bath with twenty parts of distilled water, filtered, and washed
with boiling water on the filter till what passes through ceases to
redden litmus. The solution, which ought to be colourless, is next
acidulated with hydrochloric acid, and treated as formerly with
hydrosulphuric acid gas. When the sulphuret has been collected on a
small filter, diluted ammonia is to be sent through the filter as long
as it dissolves any sulphuret, and is to be received in a weighed
porcelain basin, in which the ammonia and water are to be driven off at
a temperature not exceeding 212°. The sulphuret which is alone left may
now be weighed by again weighing the basin; and one grain of sulphuret
is equivalent to 0·803 of a grain of oxide of arsenic.—The authors add
an elaborate process for obtaining from this the whole arsenic by
reduction. But such a proceeding is unnecessary. It is sufficient in
medico-legal inquiries to ascertain by the simpler method given above
[p. 204], that it does yield by reduction with soda-flux a true
arsenical crust, and that this yields by oxidation white, sparkling
crystals with triangular facettes.
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