[Illustration: Plate 91. CRATÆGUS RUGOSA Ashe. Fretz's Thorn. (× 1/2.)] [Illustration: Plate 92. CRATÆGUS FILIPES Ashe. Miss Beckwith's Thorn. (× 1/2.)] =Distribution.=--Western New England to central Michigan and south to Pennsylvania and southern Indiana. A shrub or tree sometimes 9 meters (30 feet) high, with irregular ascending branches. Specimens have been seen from Perry County, Deam's No. 27104. =17. Crataegus Gattíngeri= Ashe. (_Crataegus coccinea_ var. _oligandra_ Torrey and Gray). Dr. Clapp's Thorn. Gattinger's Thorn. Plate 93. Spines numerous, 2.5-6 cm. (1-2 inches) long; leaves narrowly ovate to deltoid, 2.5-6 cm. (1-2-1/2 inches) long, 2-5 cm. (3/4-2 inches) wide, acuminate at the apex, broadly cuneate or rounded at the base, serrate or doubly serrate, lobed towards the apex, membranaceous, glabrous, dark green above; petioles glabrous, 2-3 cm. (3/4-1-1/4 inches) long; corymbs glabrous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, about 2 cm. (3/4 inch) broad; stamens 10-20; anthers small, pink; styles and nutlets usually 3 or 4; fruit ripens in October, globose, angular, red, slightly waxy, 0.8-1.2 cm. (1/3-1/2 inch) thick, flesh hard; calyx tube prominent, the lobes triangular, spreading. =Distribution.=--Southern Pennsylvania and southern Indiana to West Virginia and central Tennessee. Shrub or small tree sometimes 4.5 m. (15 feet) high, with ascending, irregular branches. Specimens seen from: Floyd (Dr. Clapp, before 1840); Knox (Schneck); Perry (Deam); Steuben (Deam); Wells (Deam). =18. Crataegus pruinòsa= (Wendland) K. Koch. Waxy-fruited Thorn. Plate 94. Bark dark brown; spines numerous, slender, 3-6 cm. (1-1/4-2-1/2 inches) long; leaves elliptic-ovate to broadly ovate, 2.5-6 cm. (1-2-1/2 inches) long and wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, abruptly cuneate, rounded or occasionally cordate at the base, serrate or doubly serrate with 3 or 4 pairs of broad acute lobes towards the apex, blue-green, glabrous, membranaceous; petioles 2 or 3 cm. (3/4-1-1/4 inches) long, glabrous; corymbs glabrous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, about 2 cm. (5/6 inch) broad; stamens 10-20; anthers pink or sometimes yellow or white; styles and nutlets 4 or 5; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, entire, slightly serrate at the base; fruit ripens in October, depressed-globose to short-ellipsoidal, strongly angled, waxy, apple green, becoming scarlet or purple, 1.2-1.5 cm. (1/2-2/3 inch), thick, firm, yellow, sweet; calyx tube prominent, the lobes spreading, persistent. =Distribution.=--Rocky, open woods, western New England to Michigan and south to North Carolina and Missouri. Well distributed in Indiana. [Illustration: Plate 93. CRATÆGUS GATTINGERI Ashe. Dr. Gattinger's Thorn. (× 1/2.)] [Illustration: Plate 94. CRATÆGUS PRUINOSA (Wendland) K. Koch. Waxy-fruited Thorn. (× 1/2.)] A small shrubby tree sometimes 6 m. (20 feet) high, with irregular branches and crown.