=22. Crataegus Phænopyrum= (Linnæus fils) Medicus. Washington Thorn. Scarlet Haw. (_Crataegus cordata_ Aiton). Plate 98. Bark grayish-brown, scaly; spines numerous, slightly curved, 2-5 cm. (3/4-2 inches) long; leaves ovate-triangular, 2-8 cm. (3/4-3 inches) long and wide, simply or doubly serrate, often 3-5 lobed, acute at the apex, rounded to cordate at the base, bright green above, glabrous; petioles slender, 1.5-5 cm. (1/2-2 inches) long, glabrous; corymbs glabrous, many-flowered; flowers appear in June, 8-12 mm. (1/3-1/2 inch) broad; stamens about 20; anthers pink; styles and nutlets usually 5; calyx lobes deltoid, entire, deciduous; fruit ripens in October or November, depressed-globose, scarlet, 4-6 mm. (1/6-1/4 inch) thick, nutlets with a bare apex and smooth back, flesh thin, firm. =Distribution.=--Virginia to Georgia, Indiana to Arkansas. Moist rich soil. Naturalized in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Possibly it may be naturalized at the Indiana station. More knowledge of distribution in southern Indiana is needed to settle this question. A shrubby tree sometimes 9 m. (30 feet) high, with nearly erect branches and an oblong crown. Specimens have been seen from Wayne (Deam). It also occurs in the Wabash Valley. =Horticultural Uses.=--This is one of the most desirable thorns for ornamental planting and hedges. Its scarlet autumn foliage and beautiful little scarlet fruit persist for a long time. It is also one of the American thorns long in cultivation, both in Europe and the United States. =Crataegus álbicans= Linnæus. This species was reported for Indiana by Heimlich.[52] The material at hand is not sufficient to make a satisfactory determination, hence it is omitted in the text. According to the treatment of the genus Crataegus in Britton and Brown's Illustrated Flora, 2nd Edition, the range of the following species extend into Indiana. Throughout the State-- In the northern part of the State-- C. Boyntoni. C. Brainerdi. C. lucorum. In the southern part of the State-- C. roanensis. C. beata. C. berberifolia. C. villipes. C. denaria. C. Pringlei. C. fecunda. C. ovata. [Illustration: Plate 98. CRATÆGUS PHÆNOPYRUM (Linnæus filius) Medicus. Washington Thorn. (× 1/2.)] =AMYGDALÀCEAE.= The Plum Family. Trees or shrubs with alternate, simple, petioled and usually serrate leaves; flowers perfect, calyx and corolla 5 numerous, stamens 15-30; fruit a 1-seeded drupe. The characters which separate the species are not at all constant, and the species often vary much in the extremes of their range. =PRÙNUS.= The Plums and Cherries. Flowers in umbel like clusters, or somewhat corymbose, appearing before or with the leaves on branchlets of the preceding year.