15. =Pìnus densiflòra=, Siebold. (JAPAN PINE.) Leaves about 4 in. long, from short, fringed, scale-like sheaths; rigid, convex above, concave beneath and somewhat serrulate on the margin, very smooth, sharp-pointed and crowded, shining green and somewhat glaucous; falling when one to two years old; 2 in a sheath. Cones abundant; 1½ in. long, short-peduncled, conical, obtuse, terminal, somewhat pendent; scales linear-oblong, woody, with a small prickle which soon falls off. A beautiful small tree, 30 to 40 ft. high; from Japan; hardy throughout. [Illustration: P. resinòsa.] 16. =Pìnus resinòsa=, Ait. (RED PINE.) Leaves 5 to 6 in. long, in twos, from long sheaths; rigid, straight, dark green. Cones 2 in. long, ovate-conical, smooth, their scales without points, slightly thickened, usually growing in clusters. A tall tree, 60 to 80 ft. high, with rather smooth, reddish bark and hard light-colored wood; branchlets also having smooth reddish bark. Pennsylvania, north and west. [Illustration: P. ínops.] 17. =Pìnus ínops=, Ait. (JERSEY OR SCRUB PINE.) Leaves short, 1½ to 3 in. long, rigid; usually 2, rarely 3, in a short sheath. Cones solitary, 2 to 3 in. long, ovate-oblong, curved, on a short stalk. Scales tipped with a straight, rigid spine. A small tree, 15 to 30 ft. high, growing wild in sections where the soil is poor and sandy; having straggling flexible branches with rough, dark bark; New Jersey, south and west. Rarely cultivated. [Illustration: P. púngens.] 18. =Pinus púngens=, Michx. f. (TABLE-MOUNTAIN PINE.) Leaves in twos, sometimes in threes, stout, short, 1¼ to 2½ in. long, crowded, bluish; the sheath short (very short on old foliage). Cones 3 in. or more long, hanging on for a long time; the scales armed with a stout, hooked spine, ¼ in. long. A rather small tree, 20 to 60 ft. high. New Jersey and south westward, along the mountains. [Illustration: P. sylvéstris.] 19. =Pìnus sylvéstris=, L. (SCOTCH PINE, wrongly called SCOTCH FIR.) Leaves in twos, 1½ to 2½ in. long, from short, lacerated sheaths, twisted, rigid, of a grayish or a glaucous-green color. Cones 2 to 3 in. long, ovate-conical, of a grayish-brown color, ripening the second year, the scales having 4-sided, recurved points. A large and very valuable tree of central Europe. Many varieties are in cultivation in this country. It forms the Red and Yellow Deal so extensively used for lumber in Europe. [Illustration: P. contórta.] 20. =Pìnus contórta=, Dougl. (TWISTED-BRANCHED PINE.) Leaves 2 in. long, numerous, rigid, sharply mucronate, from a short, dark, overlapping sheath; 2 to a sheath. Cones from 2 to 2½ in. long, ovate, smooth, clustered. Scales furnished with a point which is soon shed. A small cultivated tree, 30 to 40 ft. high, from the Pacific coast of the United States. As it has an irregular shape, and crooked branches, it is not often planted. [Illustration: P. Banksiàna.]