3. =Jùglans règia=, L. (MADEIRA NUT. ENGLISH WALNUT.) Leaflets 5 to 9, oval, smooth, obscurely serrate. Fruit oval, with a thin-shelled oval nut not nearly so rough as that of Juglans cinerea, or of Juglans nigra. When ripe the husk becomes very brittle and breaks open to let out the nut. Tree intermediate in size, 40 to 60 ft. high, hardy as far north as Boston in the East, but needs protection at St. Louis. It should be more extensively cultivated. Introduced from Persia. GENUS =82. CÁRYA.= Hard-wooded trees with alternate, odd-pinnate leaves having straight-veined leaflets. The leaflets are opposite each other, and the terminal pair and end leaflet are usually much the largest. The sterile flowers are in hanging catkins, the fertile ones minute, forming a large, rounded, green-coated, dry drupe, with a roughened nut having a bony partition. The drupes hang on till frost, when they open more or less and usually allow the nut to drop out. Wood hard and tough. * Bark shaggy and scaly; kernel very good. (=A.=) =A.= Leaflets usually 5 (5 to 7) 1. =A.= Leaflets 7 to 9 2. * Bark rough, deeply furrowed but not shaggy; kernel edible. (=B.=) =B.= Leaflets 7 to 9, usually 7 3. =B.= Leaflets 5 to 7, usually 5 4. * Bark smooth; kernel bitter. (=C.=) =C.= Leaflets 5 to 7, usually 7, smooth 5. =C.= Leaflets 7 to 11, serrate with deep teeth 6. * Bark smooth; nut thin-shelled; kernel sweet; leaflets 13 to 15 7. [Illustration: C. álba.] 1. =Cárya álba=, Nutt. (SHELLBARK OR SHAGBARK HICKORY.) Leaflets 5, the lower pair much smaller, all oblong-lanceolate, taper-pointed, finely serrate, downy beneath when young. Fruit globular, depressed at the top, splitting readily into 4 wholly separate valves. Nut white, sweet, compressed, 4-angled. Husk quite thin for the Hickories. Tree 70 to 90 ft. high, with very shaggy bark, even on quite small trees. Wild throughout, and cultivated. [Illustration: C. sulcàta.] 2. =Cárya sulcàta=, Nutt. (BIG SHELLBARK. KINGNUT.) Leaflets 7 to 9, obovate-acuminate, sharply serrate, the odd one attenuate at base and nearly sessile; downy beneath (more so than Carya alba). Fruit large, oval, 4-ribbed above the middle, with 4 intervening depressions. Husk very thick, entirely separating into 4 valves. Nut large, 1¼ to 2 in. long, dull-whitish, thick-shelled, usually strongly pointed at both ends. Kernel sweet and good. Tree 60 to 90 ft. high, with a shaggy bark of loose, narrow strips on large trees. Quite common west of the Alleghanies. [Illustration: C. tomentòsa.]