14. =Quércus falcàta=, Michx. (SPANISH OAK.) Leaves obtuse or roundish at base, 3- to 5-lobed above, the lobes prolonged, mostly narrow, and the end ones more or less scythe-shaped, bristle-tipped, entire or sparingly cut-toothed, soft-downy beneath. Foliage very variable. Acorn 1/3 to ½ in. long, globose, half inclosed in the hemispherical cup; nearly sessile. A tree, 30 to 70 ft. high, large and abundant in the South; bark thick and excellent for tanning; wood coarse-grained, dark brown or reddish. New Jersey, south and west. [Illustration: Q. ilicifòlia.] 15. =Quércus ilicifòlia=, Wang. (BEAR OR BLACK SCRUB-OAK.) Leaves obovate, wedge-shaped at base, angularly about 5-lobed (3 to 7), white-downy beneath, 2 to 4 in. long, thickish, with short, triangular bristle-tipped lobes. Acorn ovoid, globular, ½ in. long. A dwarfed, straggling bush, 3 to 10 ft. high. Sandy barrens and rocky hills. New England to Ohio, and south. [Illustration: Q. aquática.] 16. =Quércus aquática=, Walt. (WATER-OAK.) Leaves thick, sub-evergreen, obovate-wedge-shaped, smooth, tapering at the base, sometimes obscurely 3-lobed at the tip; on the seedlings and the young rapid-growing shoots often incised or sinuate-pinnatifid, and then bristle-pointed. Acorn small, globular-ovoid, downy, in a saucer-shaped cup, very bitter; in the axils of leaf-scars of the previous year. A very variable tree, 30 to 40 ft. high, with smooth bark. Wet ground. Maryland, west and south. [Illustration: Q. nìgra.] 17. =Quércus nìgra=, L. (BLACK OAK OR BARREN OAK.) Leaves large, 5 to 10 in. long, thick, wedge-shaped, broadly dilated above, and truncate or slightly 3-lobed at the end, bristle-awned, smooth above, rusty-downy beneath. Acorn oblong-ovate, ½ to ¾ in. long, in the axils of the leaves of the preceding year, one third or one half inclosed in the top-shaped, coarse-scaled cup. A small tree, 10 to 25 ft. high, with rough, very dark-colored bark. New York, south and west, in dry, sandy barrens. [Illustration: Q. imbricària.] 18. =Quércus imbricària=, Michx. (LAUREL-OR SHINGLE-OAK.) Leaves lanceolate-oblong, entire, tipped with an abrupt, sharp point, pale-downy beneath. Acorn globular, 5/8 in. long, cup with broad, whitish, close-pressed scales, covering about one third of the nut. A stout tree, 30 to 50 ft. high, found in barrens and open woodlands. Wood extensively used in the West for shingles. New Jersey to Wisconsin, and southward. [Illustration: Q. Phéllos.] 19. =Quércus Phéllos=, L. (WILLOW-OAK.) Leaves 2 to 4 in. long, thick, linear-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, entire or very nearly so, soon smooth, light green, bristle-tipped, willow-like, scurfy when young. Acorns about sessile, globular, small (½ in.), in a shallow saucer shaped cup; on the old wood. Tree 30 to 50 ft. high, with smooth, thick bark, and reddish, coarse-grained wood, of little value. Borders of swamps, New Jersey, south and west; also cultivated. [Illustration: Q. Ròbur.]