4. Where abstract nouns are used in the plural an effort has been made to indicate possible translations both in the singular and in the plural if the literal translation does not admit a plural in English. 5. If the same word is used as an adjective and as an adverb separate entries are generally made. But in the case of such words as =más=, =mucho=, =poco=, =tanto= and =todo= the meanings are grouped under one heading, because the distinction between the parts of speech in idiomatic phrases is at best a shadowy one, and because the list of idioms is lengthy. 6. Proper nouns are translated only when the same or similar names exist in English. 7. The language to which a foreign word belongs is indicated by an abbreviation unless a reference to the notes follows. 8. References to the notes are limited to certain stage directions and to cases where for special reasons the meaning is not given in the vocabulary. 9. Reflexive verbs are treated variously. If a verb occurs both in its simple and in its reflexive form the translation of the simple form alone is given if the reflexive can be rendered by the English reflexive or by the passive. Otherwise both forms are translated. If a verb occurs only in the reflexive the simple form is not indicated unless it is essential to comprehension of the real meaning or to the avoidance of misunderstanding. 10. Idioms and phrases of various kinds are grouped in alphabetical order varied only in a few cases where one expression seems to belong naturally near another. Under verbs, forms containing the simple infinitive are given first; then come forms with the infinitive and reflexive, and last those where the verb is conjugated. 11. Wherever the word 'to' is merely 'a sign of the infinitive,' it is omitted. VOCABULARY A =a= to, at, after, by, on, upon, according to, in, for, with, from; _not translated before personal direct object_; =-- no fiar tanto= if he did not rely so much; =al= + _inf._ = in, on, upon, while, _etc._ + _pres. part. or a dependent clause with finite verb_; =al pasar= in passing, when you pass; _for meanings of numerous phrases and expressions containing_ =a=, _see Notes and other headings in this vocabulary_ =abatido, -a= dejected, downcast =abatimiento= _m._ dejection =abdicación= _f._ renunciation =abierto, -a= (_from_ =abrir=) open; =--a= opening into; =-- de par en par= wide open =ablandarse= be softened, relent =abrazado, -a= embracing; _see_ =abrazar= =abrazar= embrace; _see_ =abrazado= =abrir= open =abstenerse de= refrain from =abstuviera= _see_ =abstener= =abuelo= _m._ grandfather =abusar= abuse; =-- de= abuse, presume upon =acabar= end, finish; =-- por= end by; =acabo de= + _inf._ I have just... =Academia= _f._ Academy =acampar= take quarters, take lodgings =acariciar= caress =acaso= perhaps; =si --= well, perhaps =acción= _f._ action