Trials of war criminals before the Nuernberg military tribunals under control council law no. 10, volume IVarious
Philosophy
Trials of war criminals before the Nuernberg military tribunals under control council law no. 10, volume I
Various
Nuremberg Trial of Major German War Criminals, Nuremberg, Germany, 1945-1946; War crime trials -- Germany -- Nuremberg
The clinical picture as well as the behavior of the body temperature
showed certain regularities in the general course; the time of
appearance of certain phenomena was, however, subject to very great
_individual variations_. As one might expect, a _good general physical
condition_ delayed the cooling and the concomitant phenomena. Further
differences were conditioned by the _position of the subject in the
water_ and the _manner of clothing_. Furthermore, differences showed up
between experiments in which the subject lay horizontally in the water
so that the nape of the neck and the back of the head were splashed with
water, and others in which neck and head protruded freely out of the
water.
Peculiarly, the _actual water temperatures_ between 2° C. and 12° C.
[35° and 54° F.] had no demonstrable effect upon the rate of the
cooling. Naturally such an effect must exist. But since besides the
already mentioned individual differences and those due to experimental
conditions, the various subjects cooled on different days at different
rates of speed, the effect of the actual water temperatures between 2°
and 12° disappears behind such variations.
If the experimental subject was placed in the water under narcosis, one
observed a certain arousing effect. The subject began to groan and made
some defensive movements. In a few cases a state of excitation
developed. This was especially severe in the cooling of head and neck.
But never was a complete cessation of the narcosis observed. The
defensive movements ceased after about 5 minutes. There followed a
progressive rigor, which developed especially strongly in the arm
musculature; the arms were strongly flexed and pressed to the body. The
rigor increased with the continuation of the cooling, now and then
interrupted by tonic-clonic twitchings. With still more marked sinking
of the body temperature it suddenly ceased. These cases ended fatally,
without any successful results from resuscitation efforts.
In the course of the narcosis experiments the evipan effects in a few
cases went directly over into a cold narcosis; in other cases one could
determine a transitory return of consciousness, immediately following
the awakening effect already described; at any rate, the experimental
subjects were dizzy. Cold pain was not expressed.
Experiments without narcosis showed no essential differences in the
course of cooling. Upon entry into the water a severe cold shuddering
appeared. The cooling of the neck and back of the head was felt as
especially painful, but already after 5 to 10 minutes a significant
weakening of the pain sensation was observable. Rigor developed after
this time in the same manner as under narcosis, likewise the
tonic-clonic twitchings. At this point speech became difficult because
the rigor also affected the speech musculature.
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