The further artifice of “punishment by analogy,” previously mentioned generally, was as tyrannical in practice as it seems in theory. Revolting examples of this procedure in action are legion. A particularly notorious case that turned on this ground was that of Lehmann Katzenberger, 68-year-old former chairman of the Nuernberg Jewish congregation. Katzenberger was indicted before the Nuernberg district court for so-called “racial pollution,” having been accused of sexual relations with one Irene Seiler, an Aryan woman. The police tried desperately without success to secure the necessary conclusive evidence, but Katzenberger and Seiler, both well-known figures of some prestige in the community, denied under oath any illicit relationship. There were no witnesses to or other evidence of the accused act. Since an acquittal of the Jew was unthinkable, particularly in Nuernberg which was the hearthstone of the Jew-baiter Streicher, and whose newspaper “Der Stuermer” widely publicized the story, Katzenberger was remanded to the Nuernberg Special Court, tried as a “public enemy,” sentenced to death, and executed. Seiler was indicted for perjury and was joined with Katzenberger as codefendant; her sentence of two years’ imprisonment was later suspended. As Hans Groben, Nuernberg district court judge for preliminary investigations, describes the case (_NG-554, Pros. Ex. 153_)-- “As I had no reason to doubt the truth of Seiler’s sworn statement it was clear to me that I could not keep Katzenberger in custody any longer. Therefore I informed his counsel, Dr. Herz, about the result of this interrogation and gave him to understand that this was the right time to act against the warrant of arrest. Dr. Herz naturally understood this hint, and at once he filed a complaint against the warrant of arrest. According to the regulation (section 33 of the Code of Criminal Procedure) I put the complaint before the public prosecution, adding in my report that I had the intention to comply with this complaint (section 306, paragraph 2, Code of Criminal procedure), i.e., to set Katzenberger free. I thus clearly expressed with this additional remark that I believed Katzenberger to be innocent * * *. As was later explained to me, the indictment already filed with the penal chamber of the district court was thereupon withdrawn and replaced by one filed with the Special Court. * * * * * * *