It is clear that those criminals whose offenses have no particular geographical localization, are to be “punished,” not necessarily tried, by the “joint decision,” not necessarily a joint or international tribunal, of the Allies. The basic policy to punish is thus clearly laid down. Thereafter, the same three powers met at Potsdam after the unconditional surrender of Germany. At this meeting representatives of the French nation also participated. There agreements and understandings relative to the future policies to be pursued by those governments toward Germany and war criminals were reached. Two of them should be recalled, because they throw light upon the stature and the international character of this Tribunal and also of the purpose behind the definition of the crimes for the commission of which these defendants have been indicted and are being tried. In the statement released at Potsdam on 2 August 1945, they said: “The three governments have taken note of the discussions which have been proceeding in recent weeks in London * * * with the view to reaching agreement on the methods of trial of those major war criminals whose crimes under the Moscow Declaration of October 1943 have no particular geographical localization, * * * they regard it as a matter of great importance that the trial of those major criminals shall begin at the earliest possible date.” We thus see that the three powers have now advanced from their thinking at Moscow, in that they have determined the method by which these criminals are to be “punished.” But the method of trial is still to be the result of the “joint decision” of the powers who signed the Moscow Declaration, concurred in by the representatives of the French nation. The decision to try by judicial proceeding came six days later at London. But another significant decision was reached at Potsdam. The powers concerned reached agreement on “The Political and Economic Principles to Govern the Treatment of Germany in the Initial Control Period.” Among these we find the following which are pertinent to an understanding of what we do here. “A. Political Principles “1. In accordance with the agreement, * * * supreme authority in Germany is exercised, on instructions from their respective governments, by the commanders-in-chief of the armed forces (of the governments concerned) each in his own zone of occupation and also jointly, in matters affecting Germany as a whole, in their capacity as member of the Control Council. “2. So far as practicable, there shall be uniformity of treatment of the German population throughout Germany. “3. The purposes of the occupation of Germany by which the Control Council shall be guided are: * * * * * * *