Tribal Custom in Anglo-Saxon Law: Being an Essay Supplemental to (1) 'The English Village Community', (2) 'The Tribal System in Wales'Seebohm, Frederic
History
Tribal Custom in Anglo-Saxon Law: Being an Essay Supplemental to (1) 'The English Village Community', (2) 'The Tribal System in Wales'
Seebohm, Frederic
Anglo-Saxons; Law, Anglo-Saxon; Law, Medieval; Tribes -- Great Britain
Further, in a supplement to the laws of the Wisigoths[132] is a statement
under the name of _Wamba Rex_ (A.D. 672-680), which apparently represents
the monetary system in vogue south of the Frankish boundary. It states
that the pound of gold equalled 72 gold solidi, so that the gold solidus
was not the Merovingian solidus but that of Constantine. It then states
that the ‘dragma’ of gold = ‘XII argentei.’ The argenteus being the
silver drachma, the ratio of gold to silver was 1:12.
To Isidore of Seville, from his Spanish standpoint, the silver drachma
was still the denarius.[133]
Dragma octava pars unciæ est et _denarii_ pondus argenti, tribus
constans scripulis.
The drachma is the eighth part of an ounce, and the weight of the
silver denarius containing three scripula.
_Solidus_ apud Latinos alio nomine ‘sextula’ dicitur, quod his
sex uncia compleatur; hunc, ut diximus, vulgus _aureum_ solidum
vocat, cujus tertium partem ideo dixerunt tremissem.[133]
The _solidus_ with the Romans is otherwise called the _sextula_
because it is one sixth of the ounce; hence, as we have said, the
vulgar call the _solidus_ the _aureus_, the third part of which
is called the tremissis.
Thus the solidus was the typical gold unit or aureus, and the drachma was
the silver denarius or argenteus.
[Sidenote: Twelve drachmas of silver = at 1:10 the Merovingian gold
solidus.]
It is remarkable that at a ratio of 1:10 twelve Wisigothic or Roman
argentei or drachmas of silver equalled exactly in wheat-grains the
Merovingian gold solidus current on the Frankish side of the Garonne or
the Loire.[134]
It would seem, then, probable that traditionally and ‘according to
ancient custom’ outside the Frankish kingdom the Merovingian gold
solidus had been equated with twelve silver argentei or denarii of this
reckoning, whilst within Frankish limits 40 of the silver tremisses and
now of the pence of the nova moneta were reckoned as equal to the gold
solidus of the Lex Salica.
But even to the Frank the 40 denarii of the Lex Salica may have become
antiquated except for wergelds and other payments under its provisions.
[Sidenote: The silver solidus of 12 silver tremisses already in use in
accounts, as 1/20 of the pound of silver of 240 pence.]
The practice apparently had already grown up of reckoning 12 of the
silver tremisses as a solidus of silver, twenty of which went to the
pound of 240 pence, without, however, any pretence being made that this
solidus of twelve silver pence was to be reckoned as equal to the gold
solidus in making payments.
In the ‘Capitulare Liftinense’ of A.D. 743[135] a payment is enacted _de
unaquaque cassata solidus, id est 12 denarii_. It was necessary to make
this explanation.
It is not known how much earlier the practice of reckoning in pounds of
silver of 20 solidi of 12 denarii came into vogue, but it was long before
the issue of the nova moneta.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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