(3) Composition of a _litus_, of which } two thirds pertains to the } 2 lbs. 9 oz. lord, one third to his kinsman } (4) Composition of a _servus_ 1 lb. 4½ oz. There can, I think, be no doubt that the libræ of this clause are silver pounds, and further, that as they are stated to be pounds ‘per denarios veteres’ they must be pounds of Merovingian and not of Carlovingian weight. [Sidenote: These silver values equal to the gold ones at the Norse ratio 1:8.] The pounds of this statement are therefore Roman pounds, of 240 Merovingian pence. Let us compare then the wergeld of the liber of 5½ such pounds of silver with the wergeld of the liber as stated in Tit. I., which we saw was equivalent to one mark of gold. Following the Scandinavian ratio of 1:8, the mark of 8 ounces of gold would equal 64 ounces of silver--_i.e._ 5⅛ pounds instead of 5½. The silver wergeld of the nobilis would equal 10⅔ pounds instead of 11. The reckoning is rough, but near enough to justify the conclusion that what was aimed at was the nearest even pound of silver, and that therefore the wergeld of the one statement is the equivalent of the wergeld of the other statement. At the same time the fact of the reckoning being throughout in Roman, _i.e._ Merovingian pounds, and not in those of Charlemagne’s _nova moneta_, is instructive. It shows that this clause belongs to the period during which the silver currency was pushing its way into Frisia. A reckoning in silver had become necessary, although, as we happen to know, the Frisians had a special liking for gold. They continued to coin gold much longer than the Franks, and some years later than the date of the laws. The Frisians were in close contact with the mint at Duurstede, which was in fact the commercial metropolis of the North at the date of the laws. The mint at Duurstede continued to coin gold coins till the city was destroyed by the ravages of the Northmen in A.D. 837, and it was from these Duurstede Frisian coins that the types were taken of the first Scandinavian coinage.[160] In the meantime the close connection between Frisia and the Scandinavian district is quite sufficient to account for the Scandinavian ratio of 1:8 being the one used in the translation of the gold wergeld of the district next to the Weser into a silver equivalent. [Sidenote: The wergelds in the local gold solidi.] Let us now at last translate the wergelds of the three Frisian districts, as stated in Tit. I. in gold solidi of three tremisses, back again into what they must have been when reckoned in the local solidi. If originally they were reckoned in these local solidi the result should be in even numbers. _Between the Laubach and the Weser._ Nobilis (9216 w.g.) = 144 solidi of 2 tremisses or 2 gold marks. Liber (4608 w.g.) = 72 ” or 1 gold mark. Litus (2304 w.g.) = 36 ” or ½ a gold mark. _Between the Laubach and the Fli._