Tribal Custom in Anglo-Saxon Law: Being an Essay Supplemental to (1) 'The English Village Community', (2) 'The Tribal System in Wales'Seebohm, Frederic
History
Tribal Custom in Anglo-Saxon Law: Being an Essay Supplemental to (1) 'The English Village Community', (2) 'The Tribal System in Wales'
Seebohm, Frederic
Anglo-Saxons; Law, Anglo-Saxon; Law, Medieval; Tribes -- Great Britain
Nú skipta brœðr tveir óðrlom sín á milli, þá scal þingat hverva í
þá kvísl óðol, sem loten ero, bæði at boðom oc at ábúð, bióða því
at eins í aðra kvisl ef þá sœker þrot æða aldauða arfr verðe. En
eigi skiliasc óðol með þeim at helldr fyrr en hvártveggia má eiga
dottor annars.
If two brothers divide their óðals between them, the óðals shall
pass into the hands of the branch which receives them by lot, in
respect both of right of redemption and of occupation; they shall
only be offered to the other branch if this one comes to utter
poverty, or the inheritance is left without a legal heir. Yet the
latter does not lose its right to the óðals until each of the two
can marry the other’s daughter.
If the family of one of the brothers sinks into utter poverty or is left
without a legal heir, the other family have the right of redemption and
occupancy; and yet the poverty-stricken or heirless branch does not lose
its rights to the odal altogether. There is still the chance that its
rights may be restored when a son on each side can marry a daughter of
the other side.
There is a further clause in the Gulathing law which provides that when
land falls to a woman the men of the kindred, ‘if their relationship be
so close as to be _nefgildi_ or _bauggildi_’--that is, as we have seen,
paternal and maternal relations descendants of great-grandparents--have
a right to redeem it from their kinswoman at one-fifth less than its
value, ‘paying one half in gold and silver and the rest in thralls and
cattle.’ The men then keep the odal and their kinswoman ‘keeps the
aurar.’ Even if odal has passed ‘three times under the spindle’ it comes
back at last to the male kinsmen (275).
Nú verðr kona baugrygr, verðr hon bæðe arva óðals oc aura, oc á
engi maðr undan henne at leysa. Nú ero þær konor er óðals konur
ero, oc óðrlom scolo fylgia, dótter oc systir oc faður systir oc
bróðor dótter oc sunar dótter. Þær ero baugrygiar tvær, dótter oc
syster. Þær scolo baugum bœta oc svá taca sem karlmenn, oc svá
eigu þær boð á iörðum samt sem karlar. Nú ero þær arvar faður
síns. Nú elr önnur dóttor eina, en önnur sun einn, þá scal sunr
leysa undan frendkonom sínum sem lög ero til. En ef enn skiptizt
um, oc elr hon sun en þeir dœtr, þá scolo þeir leysa undan þeim
slícum aurum sem hann leysti undan mœðr þeirra, oc scal þá liggia
iörð kyrr þar sem komin er. Þá er iörð komen þrysvar undir snúð
oc undir snælldo.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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