Tropical nature, and other essaysWallace, Alfred Russel
History
Tropical nature, and other essays
Wallace, Alfred Russel
Ecology -- Tropics; Natural history -- Tropics; Tropics
The tubular tongue of the sun-birds is a special adaptive
modification acquired within the family itself, and not inherited
from a remote ancestral form. This is shown by the amount of
variation this organ exhibits in different members of the family.
It is most highly developed in the Arachnotheræ, or spider-hunters,
of Asia, which are sun-birds without any metallic or other
brilliant colouring. These have the longest bills and tongues,
and the most developed hyoid muscles; they hunt much about the
blossoms of palm-trees, and may frequently be seen probing the
flowers while fluttering clumsily in the air, just as if they had
seen and attempted to imitate the aërial gambols of the American
humming-birds. The true metallic sun-birds generally cling about
the flowers with their strong feet; and they feed chiefly on minute
hard insects, as do many humming-birds. There is, however, one
species (Chalcoparia phœnicotis) always classed as a sun-bird, which
differs entirely from the rest of the species in having the tongue
flat, horny, and forked at the tip; and its food seems to differ
correspondingly, for small caterpillars were found in its stomach.
More remotely allied, but yet belonging to the same family, are
the little flower-peckers of the genus Diceum, which have a short
bill and a tongue twice split at the end; and these feed on small
fruits, and perhaps on buds and on the pollen of flowers. The little
white-eyes (Zosterops), which are probably allied to the last, eat
soft fruits and minute insects.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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