This leads to the observation that many other groups of birds also, no doubt, aid in the fertilization of flowers. I have often observed the beaks and faces of the brush-tongued lories of the Moluccas covered with pollen; and Mr. Moseley noted the same fact in a species of Artamus, or swallow-shrike, shot at Cape York, showing that this genus also frequents flowers and aids in their fertilization. In the Australian region we have the immense group of the Meliphagidæ, which all frequent flowers; and as these range over all the islands of the Pacific, their presence will account for a certain proportion of showy flowers being found there, such as the scarlet Metrosideros, one of the few conspicuous flowers in Tahiti. In the Sandwich Islands, too, there are forests of Metrosideros; and Mr. Charles Pickering writes me, that they are visited by honey-sucking birds, one of which is captured by sweetened bird-lime, against which it thrusts its extensile tongue. I am also informed that a considerable number of flowers are occasionally fertilized by humming-birds in North America; so that there can, I think, be little doubt that birds play a much more important part in this respect than has hitherto been imagined. It is not improbable that in Tropical America, where the humming-bird family is so enormously developed, many flowers will be found to be expressly adapted to fertilization by them, just as so many in our own country are specially adapted to the visits of certain families or genera of insects.[52] [52] The probable influence of fertilization by birds on the flowers of the Auckland Isles has been referred to at p. 238. Mr. Darwin, in his book on _Cross and Self-Fertilisation of Plants_ (p. 371), gives in a note numerous cases in which birds are known to fertilise flowers, the most important being that of several species of _Abutilon_ in South Brazil, which, according to Fritz Müller, are sterile unless fertilised by humming-birds. This proves, not only that birds fertilise flowers in the same manner as insects, but that the two classes of organisms have become so correlated as to be mutually necessary to each other; and it completely justifies us in imputing the fertilization of flowers to flower-frequenting birds wherever these are present and suitable insects are notoriously scarce, as is the case in so many of the islands here referred to.