Tropical nature, and other essaysWallace, Alfred Russel
History
Tropical nature, and other essays
Wallace, Alfred Russel
Ecology -- Tropics; Natural history -- Tropics; Tropics
The bill differs greatly in length and shape, being either straight
or gently curved, in some species bent like a sickle, in others
turned up like the bill of the avoset. It is usually long and
slender, but in one group is so enormously developed that it is
nearly the same length as the rest of the bird. The legs, usually
little seen, are in some groups adorned with globular tufts of white,
brown, or black down, a peculiarity possessed by no other birds. The
reader will now be in a position to understand how the four hundred
species of humming-birds may be easily distinguished, by the varied
combinations of the characters here briefly enumerated, together
with many others of less importance. One group of birds will have a
short round tail, with crest and long neck-frill; another group a
deeply-forked broad tail, combined with glowing crown and gorget;
one is both bearded and crested; others have a luminous back and
pendent neck-plumes; and in each of these groups the species will
vary in combinations of colour, in size, and in the proportions of
the ornamental plumes, so as to produce an unmistakable distinctness;
while, without any new developments of form or structure, there
is room for the discovery of hundreds more of distinct kinds of
humming-birds.
_Descriptive Names._--The name we usually give to the birds of this
family is derived from the sound of their rapidly-moving wings, a
sound which is produced by the largest as well as by the smallest
member of the group. The Creoles of Guiana similarly call them
Bourdons or hummers. The French term, Oiseau-mouche, refers to their
small size; while Colibri is a native name which has come down
from the Carib inhabitants of the West Indies. The Spaniards and
Portuguese call them by more poetical names, such as Flower-peckers,
Flower-kissers, Myrtle-suckers--while the Mexican and Peruvian
names show a still higher appreciation of their beauties, their
meaning being rays of the sun, tresses of the day-star, and other
such appellations. Even our modern naturalists, while studying
the structure and noting the peculiarities of these living gems,
have been so struck by their inimitable beauties that they have
endeavoured to invent appropriate English names for the more
beautiful and remarkable genera. Hence we find in common use such
terms as Sun-gems, Sun-stars, Hill-stars, Wood-stars, Sun-angels,
Star-throats, Comets, Coquettes, Flame-bearers, Sylphs, and Fairies;
together with many others derived from the character of the tail
or the crests.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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