[33] That Germans were not unfamiliar with the spectacular history of this region is evidenced by the popularity of General von Moltke’s writings on Turkey, which were published in several large editions, apart from his collected works, between 1900 and 1911. _Cf._, _e.g._, H. K. B. (Graf von) Moltke, _Briefe über Zustände und Begebenheiten in der Türkei aus den Jahren 1835 bis 1839_, seventh edition, with explanatory notes by G. Hirschfeld (Berlin, 1911). Of this work H. S. Wilkinson, Professor of Military History at Oxford University, wrote in the _Encyclopedia Britannica_ (eleventh edition), “No other book gives so deep an insight into the character of the Turkish Empire” (Volume 18, p. 678). It is interesting to note, also, that Moltke himself was a firm believer in the great military utility of all railways. For the history of the Near East _cf._ Jastrow, _op. cit._, pp. 31–81; A. R. Hall, _The Ancient History of the Near East_ (fourth edition, London, 1919), Chapters V, VIII, IX, X, XII; W. A. and E. T. A. Wigram, _The Cradle of Mankind_ (London, 1914). A curious sidelight on this phase of the question is the assertion of Baron von Hertling, in 1907, that Germany’s chief interest in the Bagdad Railway was scientific—geographic, geological, archæological—not military or economic! Quoted by Dawson, _The Evolution of Modern Germany_, p. 346. [34] _Stenographische Berichte, XII Legislaturperiode, 2 Session_, Volume 266 (1911), p. 5980c. [35] Karl Maximilan, sixth Prince, Lichnowsky (1860- ) had been a member of the German diplomatic service since his youth. He was attached to the embassy at London when he was but twenty-five and later served at Constantinople, Bucharest, and Vienna and in the Foreign Office at Berlin. He resigned in 1904 to devote himself to the management of his large estates in Silesia, but he was recalled in 1912 to become German ambassador to Great Britain, succeeding Baron Marschall von Bieberstein, who had died after only a few months’ service at his new post. Prince Lichnowsky’s memorandum _My London Mission, 1912–1914_ was written only to justify the Prince before a small circle of his acquaintances. Fugitive copies reached the press, however, and the full text was published in the Berlin _Börsen-Courier_ of March 21, 1918. The quotations here given are from the translation of Munroe Smith, _The Disclosures from Germany_ (New York, 1918). [36] _The Disclosures from Germany_, pp. 37–41, 127. [37] _Stenographische Berichte, XII Legislaturperiode, 2 Session_, Volume 226 (1911), p. 5980c. _Cf._, also, W. H. Dawson, _The Evolution of Modern Germany_, pp. 346 _et seq._ [38] Von Reventlow, _op. cit._, p. 340; _Stenographische Berichte, XII Legislaturperiode, 2 Session_, Volume 226 (1911), p. 5994b.