During the visit of William II to England in 1907, he was informed by
Lord Haldane, Sir Edward Grey, and other responsible British statesmen,
that their objections to the Bagdad enterprise would be removed if
the sections of the Railway from Bagdad to Basra and the Persian Gulf
were under the administration of British capitalists.[28] In March,
1911, shortly after the Kaiser and the Tsar had reached an agreement
at Potsdam on the Bagdad Railway question, Lord Curzon vigorously
denounced the enterprise as a blow at the heart of Britain’s empire in
India and called upon the Foreign Office to persist in its policy of
blocking construction of the final sections of the line.[29] This was
in accord with a caustic criticism of German and Russian activities in
the Near East, delivered by Mr. Lloyd George to the House of Commons,
during which the future Premier made it plain that, whatever course
Russia might pursue, Great Britain would not compromise her vital
imperial interests in the region of the Persian Gulf.[30] The German
concessionaires learned, to their disappointment and chagrin, that,
on this point, in any event, the British Government stood firm. Even
in 1914, when an international agreement was reached permitting the
construction of the Bagdad Railway, Great Britain subscribed to the
arrangement with the express proviso that the terminus of the line
should be Basra and that the port to be constructed at Basra should
be jointly owned and controlled by German and British capitalists.
Construction of the line beyond Basra was not to be undertaken without
the permission of the British Government.[31]
Although fear of foreign interference in the Persian Gulf region
was the chief political objection raised by Great Britain to the
construction of the Bagdad Railway, it was supplemented by a number
of other objections—all associated, directly or indirectly, with the
defence of India. The Bagdad Railway concession of 1903 provided for
the construction of a branch line from Bagdad to Khanikin, on the
Turco-Persian border. This proposed railway not only would compete
with the British caravan trade between these cities, amounting to
about three-quarters of a million pounds sterling annually, but would,
perhaps, lead to the introduction into the Persian imbroglio of the
influence of another Great Power. Persia lay astride one of the natural
routes of communication to India. The uncertainty of the situation in
Persia already was such as to cause grave concern in Great Britain,
and there were few British statesmen who would have welcomed German
interference in addition to Russian intrigue.[32]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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